ICTACT Journal on Communication Technology

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Directional Antenna Based Efficient Location aware Routing in Mobile Adhoc Network


Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, India
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) also called as wireless ad hoc network is a self-organizing, self-configuring infrastructure less network containing a group of mobile nodes communicating wirelessly. As the hosts move often resulting in dynamic topology of the network, routing seeks more attention. Therefore, routing protocol using node’s location information like LAR (location aided routing) has emerged as potential solution. Here, the route discovery is limited to a small region named as request zone in contrast to blind flooding over the entire network. Also it is noticeable that the shape and size of the request zone play a vital role in enhancing the protocol’s performance. After various analyses it was concluded that for higher node density, elliptical shaped request zone performs better than other possible shapes. Further, suitable route must be chosen based on current load status of the network so that successful delivery of packets is ensured. Generally, omni-directional antennas are used for communication between moving motes. The disadvantage of mobile ad hoc networks with omni-directional antenna lies in the limited capacity caused by high interference and low spatial reuse. This paper focuses on obtaining optimal size for request zone in accordance with varying node density. Further, optimal path between source and destination is selected using Dijkstra’s algorithm. Our simulation results show that directional antennas outshines the performance of omni-directional antennas in increasing transmission range of nodes, reducing the number of redundant nodes involving in data communication etc.

Keywords

MANETs, Request Zone, Directional Antennas, Routing Overhead, Location Aided Routing.
Subscription Login to verify subscription
User
Notifications
Font Size

  • Taku Noguchi and Takahiko Kobayashi, “Adaptive Location-Aware Routing with Directional Antennas in

  • Mobile Adhoc Networks”, Proceedings of International Conference on Computing, Networking and

  • Communications, pp. 23-29, 2017.

  • T.F Shih and H.C. Yen, “Location-Aware Routing Protocol with Dynamic Adaptation of Request Zone for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks”, Wireless Networks, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 321-333, 2008.

  • P. Mishra, S.K. Raina and B.Singh, “SDLAR: Self Adaptive Density-Based Location-Aware Routing in Mobile Adhoc Network”, Proceedings of International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Technologies, pp. 401-419, 2016

  • R. Ramanathan, J. Redi, C. Sant Ivanez and D. Wiggins, “Ad Hoc Networking with Directional Antennas: A Complete System Solution”, Journal on Selected Areas Communications, Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 496-506, 2005.

  • F. De Rango, A. Lera and A. Molinaro, “Multi-Step Increase of the Forwarding Zone for LAR Protocol in Ad Hoc Networks”, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Semi-Annual Vehicular Technology Conference, pp. 171-176, 2003

  • Sonam Jain and Sandeep Sahu, “Topology vs Position based Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks: A Survey”, International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 1-11, 2012

  • A. Boukerche, B. Turgut, N. Aydin, M.Z. Ahmad, L. Boloni and D. Turgut “Routing Protocols in Ad Hoc Networks: A Survey”, Computer Networks, Vol. 55, No. 1, pp. 3032-3080, 2011

  • W.H. Liao, J.P. Sheu and Y.C. Tseng, “GRID: A Fully Location Aware Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks”, Telecommunication Systems, Vol. 18, No. 1-3, pp. 37-60, 2001.

  • Xin Zhang, Xiaohong Li, Zhiyong Feng and Guangquan Xu. “Universal Analysis and Detection Framework for Location Aided Routing”, Proceedings of 21st International Conference on Engineering of Complex Computer Systems, pp. 1-7, 2016.

  • Kamlesh Rana, Sachin Tripathi and Ram Shringar Raw, “VANET: Expected Delay Analysis for Location Aided Routing (LAR) Protocol”, Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development, pp. 231-237, 2016

  • Yuntao Zhua, Junshan Zhang and Kautilya Partel, “Location Aided Routing with Uncertainty in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks: A Stochastic Semi Definite Programming Approach”, Mathematical and Computer Modeling, Vol. 53, No. 11-12, pp. 2192-2203, 2011.

  • L.A Latiff, A.A Ahmed, N. Fisal and S.A. Arifin, “Directional Routing Protocol in Wireless Mobile Ad Hoc Network”, Trends in Telecommunications Technologies, pp. 235-256, 2010

  • P. Manickam, T. Guru Baskar, M. Girija and D. Manimegalai, “Performance Comparisons of Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks”, International Journal of Wireless and Mobile Networks, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 98-106, 2011.

  • Fraser Cadger, Kevin Curran, Jose Santos and Sandra Moffett, “A Survey of Geographical Routing in Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks”, IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 621-653, 2012.

  • Tomas Cakan and Vladimir Wieser, “QoS Parameters Enhancement by using Directional Antennas in MANET”, Electro, pp. 26-29, 2012.

  • N.C. Wang and S.M. Wang, “An Efficient Location Aided Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks”, Proceedings of 11th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems, pp. 33-38, 2005.

  • R. Arora and N.F. Rizvi, “A Behavioural Comparison of LAR with AODV and DSR Routing Protocols”, International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communications Engineering, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 451-458, 2014.

  • Shweta R. Malwe and G.P. Biswas, “Location Aware Sector-based Routing in Wireless Ad hoc Networks”, Proceedings of International Conference on Green Computing and Internet of Things, pp. 26-31, 2015.

  • Minu A. Pillai, “Implementation of Sensor Network for Indoor Air Quality Monitoring Using CAN Interface”, Proceedings of International Conference on Advances in Computer Engineering, pp. 72-78, 2010.

  • Shweta R. Malwe, Soniya Rohilla and G. P. Biswas, “Location and Selective-Bordercast based Enhancement of Zone Routing Protocol”, Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Recent Advances in Information Technology, pp. 112-118, 2016.

  • M. Parameswaran and C. Hota, “Sector based Multicast Routing Algorithm for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks”, International Journal of Wireless and Mobile Networks, Vol. 5, No. 5, pp. 49-63, 2013.

  • K. Wang, M. Wu, L. Weifeng, X Pengrui and S Shen, “A Novel Location Aided Routing Algorithm for MANETs”, Proceedings of 5th International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations, pp. 1162-1163, 2008.

  • Etienne Sammut and Carl James Debono, “A Location-based Routing Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks”, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer as a Tool, pp. 782-786, 2015.

  • Majid Naderi, “A New Position-Based Routing Algorithm for the Reduction of Overhead in Adhoc Networks”, Proceedings of 2nd IEEE International Conference on Systems and Networks Communications, pp. 112-119, 2007.

  • Ruchi Aggarwal and Amanpreet Kaur, “Performance Analysis of AODV, DSDV, DSR and LAR Routing Protocols in MANET- A Review”, IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 36-42, 2014.

  • F. De Rango, A. Molinaro, A. lera and S. Marano. “Multi-Step Resizing of the Request Zone in Ad Hoc Networks”, Proceedings of 14th IEEE International Conference on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, pp. 62-68, 2003.

  • Jian Shen, Wenying Zheng, Jin Wang, Zhihua Xia and Zhangjie Fu, “Routing Protocols using Directional Antennas in Ad Hoc Networks: A Comparative Review”, International Journal of Grid and Distributed Computing, Vol. 6, No. 5, pp. 39-50, 2013.

  • Hong-Ning Dai, Kam‐Wing Ng, Minglu Li and Min‐You Wu, “An Overview of using Directional Antennas in Wireless Networks”, International Journal of Communication Systems, Vol. 26, No. 4, pp. 413-448, 2011 [29] Peppino Fazio, Floriano De Rango and Cesare Sottile, “An On Demand Interference Aware Routing Protocol for VANETS”, Journal of Networks, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 1-7, 2012.

  • Takashi Watanabe, “A Receiver-Initiated Directional MAC Protocol”, Proceedings of International Conference on Communications, pp. 231-235, 2006.

  • Hanan Saleet, Rami Langar, Otman Basir and Raouf Boutaba. “Proposal and Analysis of Region-Based Location Service Management Protocol for VANETs”, Proceedings of International Conference on Global Telecommunications, pp. 12-17, 2008

  • Sandeep Gupta and Abhishek Mathur, “Enhanced Flooding Scheme for AODV Routing Protocol in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks”, Proceedings of International Conference on Electronic Systems Signal Processing and Computing Technologies, pp. 321-327, 2014.

  • L.A. Latiff, N. Fisal, S.A. Arifin and A. Ali Ahmed, “Directional Routing Protocol in Wireless Mobile Ad Hoc Network”, Trends in Telecommunications Technologies, 2010.

  • A. Boukerche et al., “Routing Protocols in Ad Hoc Networks: A Survey”, Computer Networks, Vol. 55, No. 13, pp. 3032-3080, 2011.

  • N. Fisal. “Power Reduction Quadrant-based Directional Routing Protocol (Q-DIR) in Mobile Ad Hoc Network”, Proceedings of International Conference on Telecommunications, pp. 223-227, 2007.

  • Christian Hartmann, “Hop Distances and Flooding in Wireless Multi Hop Networks with Randomized Beam Forming”, Proceedings of 8th ACM International Symposium on Modeling Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems, pp. 60-72, 2005.


Abstract Views: 229

PDF Views: 3




  • Directional Antenna Based Efficient Location aware Routing in Mobile Adhoc Network

Abstract Views: 229  |  PDF Views: 3

Authors

G. Jayasree
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, India
K. P. Indulekha
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, India
B. Malarkodi
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, India

Abstract


Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) also called as wireless ad hoc network is a self-organizing, self-configuring infrastructure less network containing a group of mobile nodes communicating wirelessly. As the hosts move often resulting in dynamic topology of the network, routing seeks more attention. Therefore, routing protocol using node’s location information like LAR (location aided routing) has emerged as potential solution. Here, the route discovery is limited to a small region named as request zone in contrast to blind flooding over the entire network. Also it is noticeable that the shape and size of the request zone play a vital role in enhancing the protocol’s performance. After various analyses it was concluded that for higher node density, elliptical shaped request zone performs better than other possible shapes. Further, suitable route must be chosen based on current load status of the network so that successful delivery of packets is ensured. Generally, omni-directional antennas are used for communication between moving motes. The disadvantage of mobile ad hoc networks with omni-directional antenna lies in the limited capacity caused by high interference and low spatial reuse. This paper focuses on obtaining optimal size for request zone in accordance with varying node density. Further, optimal path between source and destination is selected using Dijkstra’s algorithm. Our simulation results show that directional antennas outshines the performance of omni-directional antennas in increasing transmission range of nodes, reducing the number of redundant nodes involving in data communication etc.

Keywords


MANETs, Request Zone, Directional Antennas, Routing Overhead, Location Aided Routing.

References