International Journal of Engineering Research

S. Nandi ¹, Arnab Chatterjee ¹, Prantik Samanta ¹, Tanushree Hansda ¹

Affiliations
1 Nandi & Associates (P) Ltd, 76/1, Shreerampur (N), Garia, Kolkata-700084, IN

Abstract

Cellular Concrete is a cementitious paste of neat cement or cement & fine sand with a multitude of micro/macroscopic discrete air cells uniformly distributed throughout the mixture to create a lightweight concrete. The concrete is manufactured in two methods viz. First by mixing a preformed foam (surfactant) or mix-foaming agents mixture into the cement & water slurry with the hardening of concrete, the bubbles disintegrate leaving air voids of similar sizes. Second designated as Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC), consisting of a mix of lime, sand, cement, water & an expansion agent. The bubble is made by adding expansion agents (aluminum powder or hydrogen peroxide) to the mix during the mixing process. This creates a chemical reaction that generates gas, either as hydrogen or as oxygen to form a gas-bubble structure within the concrete to be molded. Each mold is filled to one half of its depth with the slurry. The gasification process begins & the mixture expands to fill the mold above the top similar to baking a cake. After the initial setting, it is cured under high-pressured-steam (180° to 210°C/356° to 410°F) "autoclaved" for a specific amount of time to produce the final micro/macro-structure. HPCC has is an excellent insulator & significantly reduces the transfer of heat through concrete member. With a low water absorption, high tensile strength, high fire resistance & sound retention, this corrects deficiencies in the sand reducing bleeding. Besides structural forms cellular concrete finds application in as Flowable Fill or Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM), Low Density Controlled Low Strength Material (LD-CLSM) which is a an engineered backfill material used as an alternative to compacted fill that can make backfill faster, being selfleveling, making total compaction within a few hours of placement. Compressive strengths can be adjusted according to the project requirements. Placing as a permanent material or permitting re-excavation at a later date is the paramount advantage of this material.

Keywords

Cellular Concrete, CLSM, Foam Concrete, CLC, HySSIL.

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S. Nandi ¹, Tanushree Hansda ¹, Hemant Himangshu ², Tumpa Paul Nandi ¹

Affiliations
1 Nandi & Associates (P) Ltd, 76/1, Shreerampur (N), Garia, Kolkata-700084, IN
2 Department of Construction Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700098, IN

Abstract

The world is getting populated day by day & the population explosion is creating pressure on all the natural resources & the necessity of spending the same in a judicious fashion is the cry of the day. The primal item of man use is water which is scarce as ever & the judicious spending of the same is necessary using a GIS monitored system, coupled with minimal use of fertiliser to maximise the crop growth at the minimal use of irrigation. GIS applications are tools that allow users to create interactive queries (user-created searches), analyze spatial information, edit data in maps & present the results of all these operations. In more generic sense GIS is a tool that allows users to create interactive queries analyze the spatial information & edit data. The later part of the paper discusses the scope of GIS, its uncertanities, raster to vector translation, data representation, GIS in irrigation management, GIS for predicting the future irrigation demand growth, GIS based irrigation water demand estimation, etc. The paper further discusses GISAREG program in irrigation simulation with a special reference to GIS user-interface techniques in precision farming of rice leading to the GIS model in estimating the regionally distributed drought water demand. In a nutshell the paper discusses all the facets of application of GIS in mankind including GIS model in estimating the regionally distributed drought water demand.

Keywords

GISAREG, GIS in Irrigation Management, GIS in Drought Water Estimation, DSS, ArcView GIS's Application in Italy.

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S. Nandi ¹, Tanushree Hansda ¹, Hemant Himangshu ², Tumpa Paul Nandi ¹

Affiliations
1 Nandi & Associates (P) Ltd, 76/1, Shreerampur (N), Garia, Kolkata-700084, IN
2 Department of Construction Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700098, IN

Abstract

Managing water for multiple benefits & between competing demands is occupying the minds of irrigators, catchment water managers & policy-makers. Remote sensing techniques are becoming powerful tools for efficient management of irrigation systems in large irrigated areas. This overview of the studies to date indicates that remote sensing-based monitoring of irrigation is at an intermediate stage of development at local scales. Remote sensing applications in irrigation management range from water availability studies in the catchment to the salinity studies in the command area. The objective of this research paper is to present the state of the art on applications of satellite remote sensing that support, management of irrigation systems & to identify emerging approaches that focus on future perspectives of research which may pave the way to operationalise the remote sensing techniques in practice.

Keywords

RS, Irrigation Management, Precision Farming, UMAC Model, Future Perspectives, IIS, AS, WWD.

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