Chronic Kidney Disease with Special Reference to Dyslipidemia

Background: Lipid abnormalities in chronic kidney disease (CKD) are significant, because atherosclerotic heart disease is the foremost cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with end stage renal disease. The growing recognition that dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease has prompted interest in the identification and management of abnormalities in plasma lipids and lipoproteins.

Method: It was hospital based observational study conducted from January 2014 to January 2015 in Department of Medicine and Nephrology, Gauhati Medical College, where 50 patients of chronic kidney disease were included and evaluated for dyslipidemia.

Results: Most common presenting symptoms were swelling of legs (80%), followed by anorexia, nausea, vomiting (72%), puffiness of face ( 64%), decrease urine output (60%). 100% patients presented with anemia, 80 % with edema and 76% with hypertension. 24 (48%) patients had normal ECG, 13 (26%) patients had left ventricular hypertrophy ( LVH). 13 patients (26%) had hyperkalemia. Mean total cholesterol (TC) was 189±43.3mg/dl, triglyceride 174±60.7, high density lipoprotein (HDL) 36.51 ±5.1, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) 34.88±12.15, low density lipoprotein (LDL) 116.49±38.34 and HDL/ TC ratio 0.2002±0.0478.

Conclusion: Dyslipidemias are the important predictive indices for the risk of developing coronary artery disease in chronic kidney disease patients, and so early evaluation and treatment of dyslipidemia may improve the cardiovascular outcome.