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Detection of Breakwater Failure Modes From Photogrammetric Derived Point Clouds – A Case Study for Bunbury Port, Western Australia


Affiliations
1 Spatial Sciences, School for Earth and Planetary Sciences, Curtin University, Australia 5,7Innovation Central Perth, Curtin University, Australia., Australia
2 Innovation Central Perth, Curtin University, Australia., Australia
3 Southern Ports Authority, Australia., Australia
4 Curtin Cisco Centre for Networks, School of Electrical Engineering, Computing, and Mathematical Sciences, Curtin University, Australia., Australia
     

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The concept of a digital twin is increasingly applied to a wide range of physical assets as it offers spatial contextualisation, temporal contextualisation, simulation, and optimisation. For the Southern Ports Authority (SPA) of Western Australia one important asset class is breakwater walls. SPA has implemented a spatial contextualisation for their breakwater facilities using a Geographic Information System (GIS) including the breakwater wall condition. This proof-of-concept study aims to validate that timely mapping of breakwater conditions using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) and the information derived from the images captured by UAVs is possible. Three failure modes have been investigated using single and multiple epoch data. The failure modes are slope defects, breach or loss of crest elevation and armour movement or loss of armour interlocking. The highest potential for an automatic assessment was concluded for the Breach or loss of crest elevation failure mode. Armour movement or loss is likely to be detected as well, as long as the point spacing of the point clouds in different epochs is comparable. Further investigations are required for the loss of armour interlocking as well as for multi-epoch slope defect assessment. Hence, while it is a proof-of-concept study only, it is the first step to develop a more automated assessment of breakwater walls. Consequently, this data can then be used for simulation and optimisation and the integration of the data in business processes, i.e., the maintenance cycle for the breakwater walls.

Keywords

Failure Modes, Uav, Point Cloud, Point-to-Point Comparison, Point-To-Model Comparison.
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  • Detection of Breakwater Failure Modes From Photogrammetric Derived Point Clouds – A Case Study for Bunbury Port, Western Australia

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Authors

P. Helmholz
Spatial Sciences, School for Earth and Planetary Sciences, Curtin University, Australia 5,7Innovation Central Perth, Curtin University, Australia., Australia
L. Boyle
Spatial Sciences, School for Earth and Planetary Sciences, Curtin University, Australia 5,7Innovation Central Perth, Curtin University, Australia., Australia
B.E. Tily-Laurie
Spatial Sciences, School for Earth and Planetary Sciences, Curtin University, Australia 5,7Innovation Central Perth, Curtin University, Australia., Australia
D. May
Spatial Sciences, School for Earth and Planetary Sciences, Curtin University, Australia 5,7Innovation Central Perth, Curtin University, Australia., Australia
G. Singh
Innovation Central Perth, Curtin University, Australia., Australia
J. Hogben
Southern Ports Authority, Australia., Australia
Y. Ren
Innovation Central Perth, Curtin University, Australia., Australia
Q. Li
Curtin Cisco Centre for Networks, School of Electrical Engineering, Computing, and Mathematical Sciences, Curtin University, Australia., Australia
D. Belton
Spatial Sciences, School for Earth and Planetary Sciences, Curtin University, Australia 5,7Innovation Central Perth, Curtin University, Australia., Australia
S. Khaksar
Curtin Cisco Centre for Networks, School of Electrical Engineering, Computing, and Mathematical Sciences, Curtin University, Australia., Australia
S.J. Snyman
Southern Ports Authority, Australia., Australia

Abstract


The concept of a digital twin is increasingly applied to a wide range of physical assets as it offers spatial contextualisation, temporal contextualisation, simulation, and optimisation. For the Southern Ports Authority (SPA) of Western Australia one important asset class is breakwater walls. SPA has implemented a spatial contextualisation for their breakwater facilities using a Geographic Information System (GIS) including the breakwater wall condition. This proof-of-concept study aims to validate that timely mapping of breakwater conditions using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) and the information derived from the images captured by UAVs is possible. Three failure modes have been investigated using single and multiple epoch data. The failure modes are slope defects, breach or loss of crest elevation and armour movement or loss of armour interlocking. The highest potential for an automatic assessment was concluded for the Breach or loss of crest elevation failure mode. Armour movement or loss is likely to be detected as well, as long as the point spacing of the point clouds in different epochs is comparable. Further investigations are required for the loss of armour interlocking as well as for multi-epoch slope defect assessment. Hence, while it is a proof-of-concept study only, it is the first step to develop a more automated assessment of breakwater walls. Consequently, this data can then be used for simulation and optimisation and the integration of the data in business processes, i.e., the maintenance cycle for the breakwater walls.

Keywords


Failure Modes, Uav, Point Cloud, Point-to-Point Comparison, Point-To-Model Comparison.

References