![Open Access](https://i-scholar.in/lib/pkp/templates/images/icons/fulltextgreen.png)
![Restricted Access](https://i-scholar.in/lib/pkp/templates/images/icons/fulltextred.png)
![Open Access](https://i-scholar.in/lib/pkp/templates/images/icons/fulltextgreen.png)
![Open Access](https://i-scholar.in/lib/pkp/templates/images/icons/fulltext_open_medium.gif)
![Restricted Access](https://i-scholar.in/lib/pkp/templates/images/icons/fulltextred.png)
![Restricted Access](https://i-scholar.in/lib/pkp/templates/images/icons/fulltext_restricted_medium.gif)
An Overview on Systemic Effects of Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4) Exposure
Subscribe/Renew Journal
Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is an environmental toxin with the ability to induce successive multi organs damage after formation of trichloromethyl radical through biotransformation. The later molecule causes lipid peroxidation, generation of ROS, reduction of antioxidant enzymes, membrane damage and breakdown of cytoarchitecture. The most affected organs are liver kidney, lung and brain tissue. The healthy liver becomes fibrotic, patchy one; renal dysfunction along with nephritis, nephrosis are the common outcomes; degeneration of alveolar septa, and elastic fibres are also observed followed by breath shortening, coughing, airway obstruction, and inflammation; central nervous system attributes short term memory loss, dementia, apraxia, paraphasias, tremor, and convulsion. The review concludes that exposure of CCl4 induces the damage of several vital organs.
Keywords
Carbon Tetrachloride, Lipid Peroxidation, Oxidative Stress, Organs Damage.
User
Subscription
Login to verify subscription
Font Size
Information
- Carbon tetrachloride, Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB), National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health(NLM). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD. (2003).
- Rossberg M, Gerhartz W, Yamamoto YS, Campbell FT. Chlorinated hydrocarbons, Ullmann’s encyclopedia of industrial chemistry. 5th edition, VCH Publishers, New York. (2002) 370.
- Doherty R E. A history of the production and use of carbon tetrachloride, tetrachloroethylene, trichloroethylene and 1,1,1-trichloroethane in the United States. J Environ Forensics. 1 (2000) 69.
- Arroyo V, Ginès P, Gerbes AL, et al. Definition and diagnostic criteria of refractory ascites and hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis. Hepatology. Jan,23(1) (1996 ) 164.
- ATSDR (Agency of Toxic Substances and Disease). Toxicological profile for carbon tetrachloride (update). Atlanta, GA, US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (TP-93/02) (1994).
- Dassarma B, Samanta S, Nandi D K. Toxicokinetics of carbontetrachloride (CCl4) exposure on hepatorenal system. Euro. J. Biomed. Pharmace. Sci. 4(1) (2017a) 520-525.
- United States EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Toxicological review of chloroform.,Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). National Center for Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC. EPA/635/R-01/001 (2001).
- United States EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Toxicological review of carbon tetra chloride, Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). National Center for Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC. EPA/635/R-08/005F (2010).
- De G, Littauer A, Hugo-Wissemann D, Wissemann P et al. Lipid peroxidation and cell viability in isolated hepatocytes in a redesigned oxystat system: Evaluation of the hypothesis that lipid peroxidation, preferentially induced at low oxygen partial pressure, is decisive for CC14 liver cell injury. Arch. Biochem.
- Biophys. 264 (1988) 591.
- Castillo T, Koop D R, Kamimura S. Role of cytochrome P-450 2E1 in ethanol-, carbon tetrachloride- and iron-dependent microsomal lipid peroxidation. Hepatology.16 (1992) 992.
- Fanelli S L, Castro J A. Covalent binding of carbon tetrachloride reactive metabolites to liver microsomal and nuclear lipid and phospholipid classes from Sprague Dawley and Osborne Mendel male rats. Teratog Carcinog Mutagen. 15 (1995) 155.
- Dassarma B, Samanta S, Nandi D K, Gangopadhyay S. Carbon tetrachloride induced hepatorenal failure in male albino rats: a dose response study. Int. J. Rec. Sci. Res. 8(3) (2017b) 15885-15892.
- Friedman, S L. Liver fibrosis - from bench to bedside. J. Hepatol. 38(Suppl. 1) (2003) S38–S53.
- A.F. Elgazar. Effects of butylated hydroxytoluene and butylated hydroxyanisole against hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats, World Appl. Sci. J., 22(1) ( 2013) 63-69.
- Dassarma B, Nandi D K, Gangopadhyay S, Samanta S. Hpatoprotective effect of food preservatives (butylated hydroxianisole, butylated hydroxytoluene) on carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in rat.
- Toxicology Reports 5 (2018) 31-37.
- Ozaki M, Masuda Y. Carbon tetrachloride- induced cell death in perfused livers from phenobarbitalpretreated rats under hypoxic conditions and various ionic milieu. Further evidence for calcium-dependent irreversible changes. Biochem. Pharmacol. 46 (1993) 2039.
- Adewole S O, Salako A A, Doherty O W, et al. Effect of melatonin on carbon tetrachloride-induced kidney injury in wistar rats. BMC Public Health. 10 (2007) 153-64.
- Ogeturk M, Kus I, Colakoglu N et al., Caffic acid phenethyl ester protects kidneys aganst carbon tetrachloride toxicity in rats. Journal of Ethnoparmagocology. 97 (2005) 273-280.
- Juraez F J, Vazquez M L R, Sanchez A R R et al., Acute renal failure induced by CCl4 in rats with hepatic cirrhosis. Annals of Hepatology 7(4) (2008) 331-38.
- Azlina M F N, Kamisah Y, Rahman R F A et al. Piper sarmentosem ROX to protects lungs against oxidative stress induced by Carbon tetrachloride in rats. J. Med. Planta Res. 5(26) (2011) 6128-6135.
- Khan R A. Protective effect of Launaea procumbens (L.) on lungs against CCl4 induced pulmonary damage in rat. BMC Complementary and alternative medicine. 12(133) (2012) 1-7.
- Uttara B, Singh A V, Zanboni P et al., Oxidative stress and neurodegenerative diseases: A review of upstream and downstream antioxidant therapeutic options. Current Neurophysiology. 7 (2009) 65-74.
- Ritesh K R, Suganya A, Dileepkumar H V, Rajashekar Y, Shivanandappa T, A single acute hepatotoxic dose of CCl4 causes oxidative stress in the rat brain, Toxicology Reports. 2 (2015) 891-895.
![](https://i-scholar.in/public/site/images/abstractview.png)
Abstract Views: 370
![](https://i-scholar.in/public/site/images/pdfview.png)
PDF Views: 4