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Khanna, Pradeep
- Development of Mathematical Models to Analyse and Predict Weld Bead Geometry and Shape Relationships in FCA Welding of C-45 Mild Steel
Abstract Views :373 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Division of Manufacturing Processes and Automation Engineering, Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, Dwarka, New Delhi 110078, IN
1 Division of Manufacturing Processes and Automation Engineering, Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, Dwarka, New Delhi 110078, IN
Source
Indian Welding Journal, Vol 51, No 4 (2018), Pagination: 75-85Abstract
Welding plays an extremely important role in fabrication industry because of its adaptability to automation, relative simplicity, strong and reliable joints and ability to weld a large variety of materials making it widely acceptable in construction, transport, automotive and pressure vessel industry. A wide variety of arc welding processes are available to cater to the needs of ever increasing industrial demands. GMAW is one such arc welding process which has proved its significance in industry owing to its versatility and quality of joints. The physical dimensions and shape of a weld joint not only decides its mechanical strength but also affects its performance during service. Sufficient knowledge of various bead parameters such as penetration, reinforcement, width, etc. becomes imperative along with their dependence on various welding parameters constituting voltage, feed rate of wire and speed of welding. In the present research work, an attempt was made to form a mathematical model for bead geometry prediction at given values of weld input parameters. Statistical techniques have been applied for the present investigation work.
Keywords
ANOVA, Design of Experiments, Wire Feed Rate, Weld Dilution, GMAW Welding.
References
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- Development of a Mathematical Model for Predicting Angular Distortion in Butt Welded Stainless Steel 409M Plates in GMAW Process
Abstract Views :268 |
PDF Views:6
Authors
Affiliations
1 MPA Engineering Division, NSUT, New Delhi, IN
1 MPA Engineering Division, NSUT, New Delhi, IN
Source
Indian Welding Journal, Vol 53, No 1 (2020), Pagination: 57-66Abstract
Angular distortion is almost inevitable in fusion welding processes as it involves localized heating and cooling of materials. Keeping the weld distortion to its minimum is the endeavor of every weld engineer as excessive distortion can not only spoil the physical appearance but also can cause mismatch of joint in fabricated structures. In the present investigative work, an attempt was made to predict the influence of input weld parameters like wire feed rate, voltage, speed of welding and the angle of groove on angular distortion, by developing a mathematical model. This was accomplished by developing a mathematical equation which included the direct, quadratic and interaction effects of input weld parameters and could be used to predict the effects of these parameters on the resulting angular distortion. The experimentation was carried out in a structured manner by using Central Composite Face Centered Design (CCFD) technique. All the selected welding parameters were taken at three levels to accommodate the curvature effect. The final model was developed by using regression analysis and its adequacy was tested by Analysis of variance (ANOVA) approach. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to graphically plot direct and interaction effects of weld parameters on angular distortion. The validity of the developed model was checked by conducting test runs at different values of input parameters. The comparison of actual and predicted results indicated good conformance.Keywords
Angular Distortion, Fusion Welding, Weld Parameters, Mathematical Model, Regression Analysis.References
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- Investigation of Heat Flow during MIG Welding of Stainless Steel 409M Plates and Prediction of Bead Parameters
Abstract Views :220 |
PDF Views:4
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, NSUT, New Delhi, IN
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, IIT Delhi, IN
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, NSUT, New Delhi, IN
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, IIT Delhi, IN
Source
Indian Welding Journal, Vol 53, No 4 (2020), Pagination: 42-50Abstract
Nearly 90% of welding in the world is carried out by one or the other arc welding process, therefore it is imperative to discuss the aspect of heat flow and temperature distribution in arc welding.The knowledge of temperature distribution in plates during and after welding is necessary for predicting microstructure, calculating bead parameters, distortions and residual stresses. Thus, to achieve a weld of desired quality to perform in service satisfactorily, it is essential to know the temperature distribution during welding. In the present case, an arrangement of thermocouples was developed with microprocessor based electronic control which was successfully used to plot real time temperature graphs (thermal histories) during welding of plates at different input parameters. From these temperature plots, isotherms for different weldments were generated which were found helpful in determining the cooling rates. These weld isotherms were then used to estimate temperature at different points. These results were then compared with their estimated values calculated from empirical relations and were found to be in coherence with the experimental values within reasonable limits. The peak temperature values obtained from the thermal histories were used to approximately estimate the critical weld bead dimensions like penetration and weld width with the help of empirical relations and when compared with actual values, were found to be in good conformance.Keywords
Arc Welding, Temperature Distribution, Thermocouples, Temperature Graphs, Bead Parameters.References
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- Metallurgical and Microhardness Investigations of Ferritic Stainless Steel 409M Welds
Abstract Views :197 |
PDF Views:4
Authors
Affiliations
1 Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, NSUT, New Delhi, IN
1 Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, NSUT, New Delhi, IN
Source
Indian Welding Journal, Vol 55, No 2 (2022), Pagination: 63-75Abstract
Ferritic stainless steel 409M was MIG welded with austenitic stainless-steel wire 308L using commercially pure Argon as the shielding gas. Experiments planned were conducted using an automated welding unit for study of different aspects of the welds. One of the important aspects investigated viz. microstructural analysis in conjunction with microhardness survey is presented in this paper. Weld characteristics studied were presented on WRC-1992 diagram and Balmforth's diagram to give insight into the composition of the welds being investigated. Extensive microhardness survey covering all the three weld zones viz. weld bead, heat affected zone and base metal are presented that helped in analyzing microstructural studies carried out on the same samples. The photomicrographs and the microhardness analysis have revealed finer ferrite and martensite on the base metal side. Higher values of Cr /Ni and eq eq martensite start temperature along with less SFE (Staking fault energy) values resulted in the formation of increased amount of lath martensite in the fusion zone. Some typical photomicrographs and the related microhardness survey graphs are included in this paper for visual representation of the results.Keywords
Stainless Steel, Metallurgical Studies, Microhardness Survey, Weld Zones, Lath Martensite.References
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