International Journal of Agricultural Engineering

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Feasibility Study of Wet Grinding of Rice and Black Gram by Bullock Operated Rotary Transmission System in Rural Areas


Affiliations
1 AICRP on Utilization of Animal Energy, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar (Odisha), India
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


A wet grinder was attached to the rotary transmission system operated by a medium pair of bullocks having a pair weight of 610 kg. The combination of the bevel and spur gears in the system could produce a rotation ratio of 1:29 in the out put shaft. Further, flat and V pulleys were arranged to get the required rpm of 450 for operation of the wet grinder. Rice samples were soaked for 6h at room temperature before grinding. Black gram samples were soaked only for 3h. The ingredients were passed through the hopper with different ratio of rice and black gram as 1:0, 1:4, 1:1, 4:1, 0:1, respectfully. Water was added at the rate of 300 ml per kilogram of mixture. The draft requirement during the operation varied from 30 kg in the beginning to 24 kg at the end, the mean being 27 kg which was 4.43 % of the bodyweight of the bullocks. The physiological responses of the bullocks like heart rate, respiration rate and body temperature increased upto 66 beats/min, 22 blows/min and 38.2°C, respectively after one hour of operation. The fatigue score of the bullocks was observed to be 14, well within safe limit of 20. The particle size of the batter came out was in between 200 μm to 300 μm. More was the quantity of black gram in the mixture more was the fine particles in batter. The average batter output over one hour of operation was 9 kg/h. Grinding efficiency of wet rice and black gram at different ratio varied from 81 to 86 %.

Keywords

Batter, Wet Grinding, Rice, Black Gram, Fatigue Score.
Subscription Login to verify subscription
User
Notifications
Font Size


  • Behera, B.K., Behera, D., Mohapatra, A.K. and Swain, S. (2009). Assessment of draughtability of bullocks of Orissa in test track and field condition. Indian J. Animal Sci., 79(1): 63-67.

  • Behera, D., Behera, B.K., Mohapatra, A.K. and Swain, S. (2006). Draught animal status in Orissa and its utilization pattern in few selected villages. Agric. Engg. Today, 30(5 & 6): 1-6.

  • Hui-Huang Chen, Hong-Yi Kang and Su-Der Chen (2008). The effects of ingredients and water content on the rheological properties of batters and physical properties of crusts in fried foods. J. Food Engg., 88 : 45–54.

  • Kent, N.L. and Evers, A.D. (1994). Technology of cereals, 4th Ed. BPC Wheatons, Exeter.

  • Kurup, M.P.G. (2003). Draught animals in Orissa. Livestock in Orissa – the socio-economics perspective. ISPO, Orissa. pp. 49-62, 259–268.

  • Singh, G. (1992). Energy perspective – Norms and scenario in agriculture. J. Rural Energy, 1 (1) : 1-10.

  • Solanki, S.N., Subramainan, R., Singh, Vasudeva, Ali, S.Z. and Manohar, B. (2005). Scope of colloid mill for industrial wet grinding for batter preparation of some Indian snack oods. J. Food Engg., 69 : 23–30.

  • Swain, S.K., Dash, A.K., Mohapatra, A.K., Behera, D. and Behera, B.K. (2015). Utilization of animal energy for post harvest operations in rotary mode. J. Crop & Weed, 11(1): 75-79.


Abstract Views: 243

PDF Views: 0




  • Feasibility Study of Wet Grinding of Rice and Black Gram by Bullock Operated Rotary Transmission System in Rural Areas

Abstract Views: 243  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

A. K. Mohapatra
AICRP on Utilization of Animal Energy, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar (Odisha), India
S. K. Swain
AICRP on Utilization of Animal Energy, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar (Odisha), India
A. K. Dash
AICRP on Utilization of Animal Energy, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar (Odisha), India

Abstract


A wet grinder was attached to the rotary transmission system operated by a medium pair of bullocks having a pair weight of 610 kg. The combination of the bevel and spur gears in the system could produce a rotation ratio of 1:29 in the out put shaft. Further, flat and V pulleys were arranged to get the required rpm of 450 for operation of the wet grinder. Rice samples were soaked for 6h at room temperature before grinding. Black gram samples were soaked only for 3h. The ingredients were passed through the hopper with different ratio of rice and black gram as 1:0, 1:4, 1:1, 4:1, 0:1, respectfully. Water was added at the rate of 300 ml per kilogram of mixture. The draft requirement during the operation varied from 30 kg in the beginning to 24 kg at the end, the mean being 27 kg which was 4.43 % of the bodyweight of the bullocks. The physiological responses of the bullocks like heart rate, respiration rate and body temperature increased upto 66 beats/min, 22 blows/min and 38.2°C, respectively after one hour of operation. The fatigue score of the bullocks was observed to be 14, well within safe limit of 20. The particle size of the batter came out was in between 200 μm to 300 μm. More was the quantity of black gram in the mixture more was the fine particles in batter. The average batter output over one hour of operation was 9 kg/h. Grinding efficiency of wet rice and black gram at different ratio varied from 81 to 86 %.

Keywords


Batter, Wet Grinding, Rice, Black Gram, Fatigue Score.

References