International Journal of Reviews and Research in Social Sciences

Johani Xaxa ¹

Affiliations
1 P.G. Department of Political Science and Public Administration, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Bhubneshwar 768019 (Odisha), IN

Abstract

Governance is a system in which exercise of the legitimate authority of the states does not become the prerogative of elected leaders as selected bureaucrats rather it seeks to ensure the active participation of people in this process in a just, transparent and accountable manner. Governance can be possible in a democracy, which cannot be enforced from the above, but it has to be strengthened at the grassischolar_mains level. In the 73^rd Amendment, no doubt 29 items have been enumerated in the Eleventh Scheduled of the Constitution; but there is no clear functional jurisdiction for PRIs. If the new Panchayati Raj is to be made effective, there is a need to define the powers and functions of each tier distinctively. For Good Governance, the Panchayatiraj government should not rule the people but to enable the people to decide their own needs, The Panchayats have tobe restructured and become accountable to people, transparent of information and improving their performance. The success of governance depends on there invention of government, re-engineering of bureaucracy and re-invigoration of non-government sector with motive and active participation of local rural people.

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Johani Xaxa ¹

Affiliations
1 P.G. Department of Political Science and Public Administration, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar- 768019 Odisha, IN

Abstract

Identity politics means individuals are defined by their identity based on race, ethnicity, gender, language or religion or whatever identity that person perceived to his identity. A person may have multiple identities, but it is the identity which he or she perceives to be the defining one that determines that person's identity. Identity Politics promotes differences and separateness to stress one's distinct identity. Since 19^th century onwards, people were mobilized on the basis of their identity and a number of movements were occurred because of their identity consciousness. This paper has intended to focus on some important tribal movements in Chotanagpur area, to protect their land rights as their identity in 19^th century. The important tribal movements are Kol insurrection ,Ho insurrection, Santal insurrection and Bisra Andolan. The main reason of these movements was the 'land rights', which the tribals perceived as their identity.

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