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Adhikari, Dipan
- Molecular Markers in Plant Based Bioassays for the Detection of Levels of Endpoints to Probe of Aquatic Genotoxicity
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1 PG Dept. of Botany, Hooghly Mohsin College, Chinsurah, Hooghly, West Bengal, IN
2 Dept. of Zoology, Hooghly Moshin College, Chinsurah, Hooghly, West Bengal, IN
1 PG Dept. of Botany, Hooghly Mohsin College, Chinsurah, Hooghly, West Bengal, IN
2 Dept. of Zoology, Hooghly Moshin College, Chinsurah, Hooghly, West Bengal, IN
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Journal of Environment and Sociobiology, Vol 12, No Sp Iss (2015), Pagination: 13-14Abstract
Environmental pollution today stands out to be one of the gravest concerns for the modern world, in connection to the mismanaged waste water discharge from agricultural, industrial vis-a-vis domestic sources, representing an arduous challenge for the environmentalists. Mention may be made that effluents are complex concoction of chemicals with variable proportion of heavy metals, metalloids and metaloxides both in quality and quantity. A large number and variety of chemicals present in these mixtures, together with potential synergistic effects imparts great challenges to detect and characterize the types of chemicals present and corroborate their individual/collective toxicity. Many contaminants entering the aquatic environment have been lipophilic by nature and can be readily taken up by aquatic organisms. Therefore, the impact of these aquatic contaminants on ecosystems largely depends upon factors including uptake and biotransformation by different species, and effects can be easily seen at the cellular level through the individual, population and ultimately the ecosystem as a whole. Research in this particular area has gained much attention and momentum in the recent past, with particular interests thirsted upon the presence of different genotoxic agents surrounding in the environment. It is therefore clear that the assessment of complex mixtures for their genotoxic potential fits in the list of an extremely important consideration for environmental pollution monitoring and management. Concomitantly, it is important to develop reliable and effective methods for detecting endpoints indicative of exposure to genotoxicants, in particular using test methods that would be simple, rapid and cost effective. In the present communication the role of antioxidant enzymes, i.e., ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) scavengers, chromosomal abnormalities resultant of altered mitotic index and micronuclei formation is reviewed. It is suggested that alkaline COMET Assay, RAPD couple with PCR can be employed as effective biochemical, cytogenetic and molecular markers in plants (as model systems for aquatic toxicology) which serve as best tools to detect the mode of action and levels of genotoxic endpoints upon exposure to different genotoxins in aquatic environments.
- Water Hyacinth, A Remedial Measure to Combat Threats of Sewage Fed Ponds and Aquaculture
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1 Dept. of Zoology, Hooghly Moshin College, Chinsurah, Hooghly, West Bengal, IN
2 P. G. Dept of Botany, Hooghly Mohsin College, Chinsurah, Hooghly, West Bengal, IN
1 Dept. of Zoology, Hooghly Moshin College, Chinsurah, Hooghly, West Bengal, IN
2 P. G. Dept of Botany, Hooghly Mohsin College, Chinsurah, Hooghly, West Bengal, IN
Source
Journal of Environment and Sociobiology, Vol 12, No Sp Iss (2015), Pagination: 38-39Abstract
The fundamental media of life - land, air and water are being threatened by pollution. Pollutants affect physical, chemical and biological factors of water causing water pollution. Sewage, composed of toxic substances, heavy metals and pathogenic organisms composed of toxic substances, heavy metals and pathogenic organisms contains about 99% of water and 1% of solids. Toxic heavy metals like zinc, copper, chromium, present in the domestic sewage are mostly absorbed and get accumulated in water hyacinth as free metals which may adversely affect the life as well as food chain. There is shortage of water throughout the world. Therefore, there is a need for recycling of waste water for aquaculture. In addition, the water hyacinth can be used as an energy source for biofuel production. Fishes are important aquatic animals and are particularly sensitive to toxicants. Hence the present study is focused on phytoremediation of sewage waste water and reuse it for aquaculture (Channa sp). The amount of heavy metals was estimated by Atomic Absorption Spectrometric (AAS) study in sewage fed ponds as well as within water hyacinth, grown on those sewage fed ponds with respect to control ones to prove the hyper accumulation activity of water hyacinth. Fishes belonging to Channa sp were also cultured in waste water to elucidate the changes in different target organs like blood, liver, kidney and muscles through biochemical studies at different intervals. The experimental results confirmed that the water hyacinth played a great role for purification of sewage fed ponds and make it favorable for aquaculture.- Molecular Markers in Plant-Based Bioassays for the Detection of Molecular Endpoints to Probe of Aquatic Genotoxicity-An Overview
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Plant Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Post Graduate Dept of Botany, Hooghly Mohsin College, Chinsurah, Hooghly, IN
2 Dept of Zoology, Hooghly Moshin College, Chinsurah, Hooghly, IN
1 Plant Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Post Graduate Dept of Botany, Hooghly Mohsin College, Chinsurah, Hooghly, IN
2 Dept of Zoology, Hooghly Moshin College, Chinsurah, Hooghly, IN
Source
Journal of Environment and Sociobiology, Vol 12, No 2 (2015), Pagination: 143-162Abstract
Many contaminants entering the aquatic environment have been lipophilic by nature and can be readily taken up by aquatic organisms or absorbed by particulate matter. Examples of such compounds include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls and phthalates. Therefore, the impact of these aquatic contaminants on ecosystems largely depends upon factors including uptake and biotransformation by different species, and effects can be easily seen at the cellular level through the individual, population and ultimately the ecosystem as a whole. Research in this particular area has gained much attention and momentum in the recent past, with particular interests thrust upon the presence of different genotoxic agents surrounding in the environment. Results from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPAs) Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) found out that several known and many dubious mutagenic and genotoxic chemicals could be readily accounted in contaminated surface waters, of which one third of these toxicants from effluent discharges are practically rodent carcinogens. Moreover, 800 metric tonnes of chemicals released into surface waters every year have been detected to be class 1, 2A or 2B carcinogens as classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). It is therefore clear that the assessment of complex mixtures for their genotoxic potential fits in the list of an extremely important consideration for environmental pollution monitoring and management, especially while considering the implications of these compounds in initiation, propagation and development of carcinogenesis, inherited disease and teratogenesis. Concomitantly, it is important to develop reliable and effective methods for detecting endpoints indicative of exposure to genotoxicants in particular using test methods that would be simple, rapid and cost effective.
Antioxidant enzymes, i.e., ROS scavengers, chromosomal abnormalities resultant of altered mitotic index and micronuclei formation, the alkaline COMET Assay, RAPD, AFLP coupled with RT-PCR can be employed as effective biochemical, cytogenetic and molecular markers in plants (as model systems for aquatic toxicology) which serve as best tools to detect the mode of action and levels of genotoxic endpoints upon exposure to different genotoxins in aquatic environments.
Keywords
Genotoxication, Heavy Metals, Comet, RAPD, AFLP, RT-PCR.References
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Authors
Affiliations
1 PG Dept. of Botany, Hooghly Mohsin College, P.O. Chinsurah, Dist. Hooghly, West Bengal-712101, IN
2 PG Dept. of Zoology, EB-2, Sector 1, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal-700064, IN
3 PG Dept. of Chemistry, Durgapur Govt College, Jawahar Lal Nehru Road, Amarabati Colony, Durgapur, West Bengal-713214, IN
1 PG Dept. of Botany, Hooghly Mohsin College, P.O. Chinsurah, Dist. Hooghly, West Bengal-712101, IN
2 PG Dept. of Zoology, EB-2, Sector 1, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal-700064, IN
3 PG Dept. of Chemistry, Durgapur Govt College, Jawahar Lal Nehru Road, Amarabati Colony, Durgapur, West Bengal-713214, IN
Source
Journal of Environment and Sociobiology, Vol 14, No Spl (2017), Pagination: 34-34Abstract
The eastern coast of India hosts some of the major mangrove forest of the world including the Sundarban mangrove forests in the delta of the Ganga-BrahmaputraMeghna (GBM), the largest single block mangrove forests of the world, fostering one of the "biodiversity rich hotspots" of the world. This largest mangrove forest of Sudarbans delta with 3.5 percent of the world's mangroves covering within an area of 6017 sq km, recognized internationally as the UNESCO World-Heritage site. However, due to increased irrigation for agriculture, industrial activity and the diversion of Ganges water at Farakka Barrage (India) in early 1975, both siltation and salinity have increased in the Sundarban giving an ever-increasing threat for the Sundarban ecosystems. Sundarban, the only tiger-land of the globe is presently under threat for relative sea level rise. Frequent embankment failures, submergence and flooding, beach erosion and siltation at jetties and navigational channels, cyclone and storm surges are the reasons behind. In addition, alarming growth of population in this ecologically sensitive and fragile niche has posed a major threat for its very existence. Wide scale reclamation, deforestation and unsustainable resource exploitation practices are doubling the changes in the physical and socio-biological dynamics of the coastal system.- The Vulnerable Sunderban Ecosystem:Problems Ahead from Ecological and Biological Perspectives
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1 Hooghly Mohsin College, Chinsurah, Hooghly-712101, IN
1 Hooghly Mohsin College, Chinsurah, Hooghly-712101, IN
Source
Journal of Environment and Sociobiology, Vol 14, No 2 (2017), Pagination: 161-170Abstract
Sunderban is found at the coast of the Ganges river and designated as the world’s single largest mangrove forest with 3.5 percent of the world’s mangroves covering an area of 6017 sq km. The Sunderban wetlands act as a natural buffer that protects the coastal area from storm surges and cyclones in pre and post monsoon periods. However, due to increase in irrigation of agriculture, industrial activity and the diversion of Ganges water at Farakka Barrage (India) in early 1975, both siltation and salinity have increased in Sunderban which has become an ever-increasing threat for the Sunderban ecosystem. Consequently the dominant Sundari (Heritiera fomes) and Goran (Ceriops decendra) are affected by top-dying disease which has been emerging as a great point of concern. Management of water salinity simulation and landscape modelling would be a proper tool for decision making and allow planners to protect the Sunderban ecosystem from this threat in future. Sunderban, the only mangrove tiger-land of the globe is presently under threat of severe coastal erosion due to relative sea level rise. The once largest progressing delta which registers the highest species diversity in terms of mangrove and mangrove associate flora and fauna is now showing evidences which suggest that rich biodiversity is under tremendous threat. Increasingly, this deltaic island system is facing degradation due to natural and anthropogenic changes. Frequent embankment failures, submergence and flooding, beach erosion and siltation at jetties and navigational channels, cyclone and storm surges are all promulgating this area increasingly vulnerable. In addition, alarming growth of population in this ecologically sensitive and fragile niche has posed a major threat for its very existence. Wide scale reclamation, deforestation and unsustainable resource exploitation practices have together produced changes in the physical and socio-biological dynamics of the coastal system.Keywords
Delta, River Ganges, Sunderban, Mangrove Ecosystem, Royal Bengal Tiger, Sundari, Cyclone, Deforestation.References
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