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Evaluation and Augmentation of Safe Drinking Water Supply Schemes in Salur Mandal, Vizainagaram District, Andhra Pradesh
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In order to assess the groundwater potentiality and augmentation of water supply schemes, estimation of the safe yield, well loss, formation loss, horse power of pump, depth of pump installation and duration of the pumping are essential. These parameters are estimated either by means of in-situ test or laboratory test. But the applicability of result from the laboratory test has limitations while in-situ tests give real representation of individual well of aquifer. The most common in-situ test is pumping test performed on well, which involves measurement of the fall and rise of water level with respect to time. The changes in water level (drawdown/recovery) and its quality are caused due to pumping of water from the well. Such study was carried out in Salur Mandal, Vizainagaram, Andhra Pradesh, India.
In this study, special emphasis was given to the step draw down test at 13 bore wells with maximum 4-steps preferably increasing discharge rate (ranges: 24-293 1pm) for the intensification of safe drinking water supply. Simultaneously 26 groundwater samples were collected separately in 2 steps of the pumping phases from each well and then chemically analyzed. This study indicates that the recommended yields varied from 3600 to 12000 1ph. The wells could be used in safely with recommended yield of 5000 lph and pumped for 1 to 2 hrs in 4 to 8 hrs intervals per day. Groundwater is of nearly neutral to mildly acidic and alkaline nature in the pumping stresses. The total dissolved solids (TDS) varied from 142-1050 mg/l, but its values changed from -67 to 240 mg/l during the pumping phases. The concentrations of chloride and sulphate changed from -20 to 30 mg/l and -2 to 8 mg/l, respectively, but about 39% groundwater samples are of constant Cl- concentration. In these pumping phases groundwater is hydrochemically within permissible limit for drinking water supply. This study provides the basis of safe drinking water to tribals, backward class communities and school children.
Keywords
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