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Evolution of Pre-Siwalik Tertiary Basin of Himachal Himalaya
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The Subathu, Dagshai and Kasauli rocks of Himachal sub Himalaya have been classically interpreted as of marine brackish or lagoonal origin. In this study, the pre-Siwalik Tertiary rocks of southern Himachal Pradesh are grouped into five distinct lithofacies, which collectively represent a consanguineous association of sediments deposited in related geomorphic environments: 1. Fossiliferous green shale, locally red, with lenses of limestone interpreted as tidally influenced shelf deposits; 2. Clean white sandstone interpreted as coastal barrier bars; 3. Red mudstone locally green, and lenses of grey sandstone with channel lag interpreted as lagoonal and tidal flat deposits; 4. Grey sandstone with channel lag and red mudstone and siltstone inferred to have accumulated in distributary channel and inter-distributary plains of fluvio-delta complex; 5. Grey, white sandstone and mudstone interpreted as a mixed assemblage of fluvio-delta and coastal barrier facies.
Two systems of currents operated during the deposition of these rocks: one, across the delta plain complex was directed towards south and southwest following the prevailing regional paleoslope; and the other representing longshore currents in adjacent coastal areas operating parallel to shoreline, was directed towards west-northwest.
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