Quaternary Stratigraphy and Sedimentation of the Indo-Gangetic Plains, Haryana

Lithostratigraphy of the Indogangetic Plains in Haryana has been attempted on the basis of borehole data. Three geomorphic units have been identified. These show contrasting lithologies. Older sediments, represented by fans and piedmonts, essentially consist of a sequence of very coarse sediments. The Central Alluvial Plains (Ambala Older Alluvium) holds the bulk of the Quaternary sediments. Clay forms the dominant lithology in the southern part while alternate layers of sand and clay are predominant in the northern part. The main fluvial system seems to be in the northern part of the Central Alluvial Plain. Bulk of these sediments have been deposited under quiet condition with prolonged periods of semiarid type of climate. The occurrence of Quaternary sediments below the m.s.l. has been inferred due to faulting along WNW-ESE to E-W direction. Reactivation along north-south lineaments has also been inferred.