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Chamyal, L. S.
- Seismically Induced Deformational Structures (Seismites) from the Mid-Late Holocene Terraces, Lower Mahi Valley, Gujarat
Authors
1 Department of Geology, M.S. University of Baroda, Baroda - 390 002, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 51, No 6 (1998), Pagination: 755-758Abstract
Seismically induced deformational structures from the lower Mahi valley are reported. These include injected liquefied sand, contorted laminations, load structures, overturned small-scale folds and convolutions. syn-sedimentary microfaults and pseudonodules. The structures are similar to the seismically-induced deformation structures reported elsewhere and conform to the criteria for reiating them to seismic events. Radiocarbon dating of the two organic rich clay layers suggest the deformation is related to a Late Holocene seismic event that took place between 3320±90 and 2850±90 yrs. B.P.Keywords
Seismology, Seismites, Holocene, Mahi Valley, Gujarat.- Tectonic Control on Distribution and Evolution of Ravines in the Lower Mahi Valley, Gujarat
Authors
1 Department of Geology, M.S.University of Baroda,Vadodara-390002, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 53, No 6 (1999), Pagination: 669-674Abstract
All along the Lower Mahi Valley, ravines form an important geomorphic unit. These have developed extensively in the Late Pleistocene continental sediments delimited by flat alluvial plains on one side and river channel on the other. The ravines are confined to all the three pediment, alluvial and estuarine zones. The intensity of these is more on the left bank compared to the right and suggest a differential uplift of the horst block dong basement faults. Morphologically, the ravines are divisible into two types: sharp crested, steep, deeply entrenched and gently sloping, with shallower depth and comparatively smaller in length. The directional analysis of ravine orientations show that the higher order ravines trending NE-SW and NNE-SSW are related to neotectonic activity along older structural trends during Early Holocene. The smaller and gently sloping ravines showing varying trends are attributed to semi-arid and humid climate.Keywords
Geomorphology, Neotectonics, Pleistocene, Ravines, Mahi Valley, Gujarat.- The Quaternary Continental Deposits of the Semi-Arid Central Gujarat Alluvial Plains
Authors
1 Department of Geology, M.S. Universiry of Barodu Baroda - 390 002, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 45, No 3 (1995), Pagination: 345-348Abstract
The Continental Quaternary deposits of semi-arid central Gujarat consist of layered sequences of sediments of fluvio-marine, fluvial and aeolian origin. The deposits occupy structural depressions which are bounded by basement faults and provide an interesting record of neotectonism and climatic changes.Keywords
Lithostratigraphy, Quaternary, Gujarat.- Quaternary Research Congress (Inqua)
Authors
1 Department of Geology, M.S. Univ. of Baroda, Baroda-390002, IN
2 Department of Geology, Kumaun Univ. Nainital-263001, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 46, No 5 (1995), Pagination: 577-577Abstract
No Abstract.- Arid-Humid Cycles in Mainland Gujarat over the Past 300 Ka: Evidence from the Mahi River Basin, India
Authors
1 Department of Geology, M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara - 390 002, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 47, No 3 (1996), Pagination: 383-388Abstract
A more or less complete conformable succession of sediments of Quaternary age is documented from the Mahl river basin. A description of the lithostratigraphy is accompanied by the palaeoclimatic inferences drawn on the basis of deduced depositional environments, which shows a remarkable broad correspondance with global climatic fluctuations.- The Granitoids of Pindar-Sarju-Ramganga and Goriganga Valleys of Higher Kumaun Himalaya
Authors
1 Department of Geology, M. S. University of Baroda, Baroda-390 002, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 47, No 6 (1996), Pagination: 665-674Abstract
In the Higher Kumaun Himalaya granitoids are widely distributed and occur as bands, lenses or sheet-like bodies. They include different varieties of gneissic granites (schistose, foliated, augen and porphyroblastic). The field, petrographic as well as chemical data indicate that the granitoids of Kumaun Higher Himalaya are formed due to metasomatic transformation of metasediments by alkalirich emanations. The geochemistry of these reveal their calc-alkaline, peraluminous, S-type nature and compositionally mainly represent granite. Trace elements discriminate the granitoids in the syncollisional environment.Keywords
Granitoids, Metasomatism, Kumaun Himalaya.- Drainage of North Gujarat: Present and Past
Authors
1 Department of Geology, M.S. University of Baroda, Baroda-390 002, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 49, No 4 (1997), Pagination: 417-426Abstract
The area bound by the rivers Sabarmati and Luni forming a part of North Gujarat and Southwest Rajasthan alluvial plains has preserved in its sediments and landscape various changes which have occurred in the drainage systems during the Upper Quaternary times. The present day drainage mainly cuts across the material deposited by a set of older rivers which now stand disrupted. The present day rivers are observed to have been superimposed over older river channels and dominantly follow numerous tectonic lineaments and faults of a later date. The new channels reveal and have preserved relicts of the earlier fluvial system. Geomorphic and drainage studies reveal existence of two ancient major river systems, the remnants of which are now represented by the Banas and Rupen rivers. The Banas, along with its major tributary Sipu is the sole survivor of the older fluvial system. whereas Rupen has been partially destroyed.Keywords
Geomorphology, Drainage Systems, Quaternary, North Gujarat.- Quaternary Tectonic History and Terrain Evolution of the Area Around Bhuj, Mainland Kachchh, Western India
Authors
1 Department of Geology, M.S. University of Baroda, Baroda - 390002, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 53, No 5 (1999), Pagination: 601-610Abstract
The Mainland Kachchh has witnessed several phases of tectonic movements since the formation of Kachchh rift. The structural set up of the area is dominated by two fault systems - an E-W fault system which controls the geomorphic configuration and a NNW-SSE to NNE-SSW fault system which displaces the E-W faults. The Quaternary deposits of the area, alluvial and colluvial fans, channel deposits and miliolites help in categorising Quaternary tectonic activity into two phases. Reactivation of E-W trending faults during Early Pleistocene led to the present landscape configuration and formation of extensive alluvial and coIluvial fans along these faults. The post miliolite phase resulted in movements along transverse faults as evidenced by a very youthful fault scarp morphology and faulting in postmiliolite alluvial sediments along this trend. The mountain front sinuosity values also suggest a younger phase of tectonic activity along the transverse faults. The first order topography and the seismic activity suggest continued tectonic instability of the region.Keywords
Quaternary Tectonism, Terrain Evolution, Mountain Front Sinuosity, Kachchh.- Tectonic Geomorphology of the Mahi River Basin, Western India
Authors
1 Department of Geology, M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara- 390 002, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 54, No 4 (1999), Pagination: 387-398Abstract
Neotectonic activity along pre-Quaternary tectonic trends has played a major role in the evolution of Mahi drainage basin. The Mahi basin is controlled by NE-SW and WNW-ESE Aravalli trend in the uplands and by NNW-SSE Tertiary basement faults in the distal part. Lineament analysis shows three structural trends in the area which are related to major regional tectonic trends. Stream orientations indicate that the NNE-SSW and NNW-SSE trends represent lineaments which were active during the youngest tectonic phase. The NE-SW and WNW-ESE trends are slightly older. The evolution of overall configuration of the basin is attributable to neotectonic activity along WNW-ESE and NESW trends which have been modified by a later phase of tectonic activity along NNW-SSE trend. Morphotectonic analysis has been helpful in assessing the relative degree of tectonic activity in the different geomorphic zones of the Mahi river basin. An increasing degree of tectonic activity towards the NE conforming to the northeastward extension of the Aravalli range where the central axis of the range lies, has been indicated.Keywords
Neotectonics, Geomorphology, Morphometric Analysis, Mahi River, Western India.- Late Quaternary Continental Studies in Parts of India: Implications for Monsoon Variability
Authors
1 Department of Geology, The M S University of Baroda, Vadodara-390002, IN
2 Physical Research Laboratory, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad-380009, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 71, No 5 (2008), Pagination: 611-629Abstract
Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) is the major climatic feature in the Indian sub continent. Since marine proxies used for monsoon reconstructions are the expressions of the wind strength that may or may not translate on land as rainfall, the continental records are the direct proxies of rainfall variability. We have made an attempt here to synthesize the available works aimed at past monsoon reconstruction using the chronologically constrained continental archives. The nature of geomorphic response of a fluvial system depends upon its environmental setting and the magnitude and duration of a climatic perturbation. In the present synthesis it was observed that events that lasted for ∼104 years could imprint its signature particularly in the fluvial systems irrespective of their geographical location. Except few examples, there is virtually no evidence of short term climatic fluctuations coming out from the available fluvrial records. Could it be due to the fact that short lived climate instability (102 to 103 years) are not sufficient enough to bring about major geomorphic changes in fluvial processes?
Climatic inferences drawn so far using the fluvial and aeolian archives are largely based on the field stratigraphy, sedimentology and chronometric studies from limited geographical areas. There is a need for wider coverage pertaining to the fluvial systems particularly in the peninsular and southern Indian rivers. Further, unless, the clitmate proxies like stable isotopes, geochemistry, and environmental magnetism are used the monsoonal inferences would remain qualitative. Lacustrine sequences provide uninterrupted record of monsoonal variability. This important continental archive has not been exploited to its potential, except for the Thar Desert Renewed efforts should be made to explore other areas including the Himalaya.
Keywords
Continental Deposits, Monsoon Variability, Late Quaternary.- Training Programme on Fluvial Systems
Authors
1 Department of Geology M.S. University of Baroda Vadodara - 390 002, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 65, No 5 (2005), Pagination: 649-650Abstract
No Abstract.- Environmental Changes during Late Pleistocene in the Orsang River Basin, Western India
Authors
1 Physical Research Laboratory, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad - 380 009, IN
2 Department of Geology, M S University of Baroda, Vadodara - 390 002, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 64, No Spl Iss 4 (2004), Pagination: 471-479Abstract
Chronometric and sedimentological data generated from the exposed Quaternary sequences of the Orsang River basin indicate close correspondence between the environmental changes and fluvial aggradation. The oldest and regionally extensive fine Silty-Clay occurring at the base of the successions is dated to >97 ka suggesting prevalence of high sinuosity suspended load fluvial regime. Its stratigraphics portion suggests that the deposition occurred during the enhanced southwest monsoon corresponding to the Marine isotopic Stage-5 (MIS-5). The gravel deposits that overlie provide an age of -60 ka indicating dominance of braided system (MIS-4) during the reduced southwest monsoon. The pluvial interstadial (MIS-3) is represented by flood plain facies that was deposited under the persistent fluvial system strengthened by enhanced southwest monsoon and assigned ages ranging between 50 and 30 ka. An extensive aeolian sand sheet that blankets the topography, is luminescence dated to 21 ka suggesting the onset of Last Glacial Maximum in the Orsang River basin.Keywords
Late Pleistocene, Fluvial Aggradation, Environmental Change, Orsang River Basin, Western India.- Geomorphic Indicators of Active Tectonics in the Karjan River Basin, Lower Narmada Valley, Western India
Authors
1 Department of Geology, M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara - 390 002, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 62, No 6 (2003), Pagination: 739-752Abstract
The Karjan basin is one of the largest tributary basins of the Lower Narmada Valley. A major part of the basin comprises southward dipping basaltic flows of the Deccan Volcanic Group (DVG) delimited to the north by the Narmada- Son Fault. The lineaments indicate a strong control of the ENE-WSW and NNW-SSE trends on the geomorphology and drainage architecture. The ENE-WSW trending ridges with southern slopes and north facing escarpments including the Narmada-Son Fault (NSF) and ENE-WSW trending narrow intramontane valleys evidence the dominant control of ENE-WSW trend. Three tilt blocks have been delineated within a major tilt block formed due to differential uplifts along the NSF and two other sympathetic faults. A gradual decrease in the ruggedness of the topography towards south, preferential locations of river pondings, gorges and increased fluvial incision suggest continued southward tilting of the fault blocks due to differential uplift along ENE-WSW trending faults. The alluvial zone to the north of the Narmada- Son Fault is made up of Late Pleistocene to Holocene sediments and indicates two phases of river incision in the Karjan river basin, which are attributed to uplifts during Early and Late Holocene. Morphometric analyses of parameters sensitive to tectonics substantiate the field observations on active tectonics. The field evidence from the upland and alluvial zone and the morphometric analyses point to differential uplift of the Karjan basin along ENE-WSW trending faults during Holocene.Keywords
Geomorphology, Active Tectonics, Karjan Basin, Western India.- Contact Programme Cum Field Workshop on Structure, Tectonics and Mesozoic Stratigrpahy of Kachchh
Authors
1 Department of Geology, M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara - 390 002, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 59, No 6 (2002), Pagination: 587-588Abstract
No Abstract.- Formation and Erosion of Holocene Alluvial Fans along the Narmada-Son Fault near Rajpipla in Lower Narmada Basin, Western India
Authors
1 Geological Survey of India, Central Region, Nagpur, IN
2 Department of Geology, M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara-390002, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 60, No 4 (2002), Pagination: 477-478Abstract
No Abstract.- Formation and Erosion of Holocene Alluvial Fans along the Narmada-Son Fault near Rajpipla in Lower Narmada Basin, Western India
Authors
1 Department of Geology, M.S.University of Baroda, Vadodara-390 002, Gujarat, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 58, No 6 (2001), Pagination: 519-531Abstract
Five alluvial fans have been recognised along the Narmada-Son Fault near Rajpipla in the Lower Narmada basin. These have been studied in their proximal, medial and distal parts. Lithofacies characteristics and facies associations indicate debris flows and sheet flood flows as the major processes responsible for aggradation of these fans. The fans have coalesced and formed a fault-bound geomorphic surface during Early Holocene. Sedimentation in an alluvial fan environment during the Early Holocene is not yet known from this part of Western India. Prolonged subsidence along Narmada-Son Fault and two other faults along the Narmada river and its tributary Karjan, have provided ideal site for the accumulation of fan deposits. These alluvial fans suggest differential movement along the Narmada-Son Fault and a humid climate during Early Holocene.Keywords
Alluvial Fans, Holocene, Narmada-Son Fault, Western India.- History of Tectonic Evolution of Gujarat Alluvial Plains, Western India during Quaternary: A Review
Authors
1 Department of Geology, M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara - 390 002, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 55, No 4 (2000), Pagination: 343-366Abstract
The lineaments recognised in the Gujarat alluvial plains correspond to major structural and basement fault trends. The geomorphic and drainage anomalies in the plains are in conformity with the subsurface structural features. The variable thickness of the Quaternary sediment cover suggests sedimentation in fault-bounded sub-basins within a larger basin. The exposed sediment column of 40-50 m dates back to ∼125 ka. The Quaternary evolutionary history of the Gujarat alluvial plains has been divided into three stages marked by distinct tectonic changes. Four phases of tectonic activity during the Quaternary have played a significant role in the evolution of these plains. The first two are associated with the deposition of a large volume of sediments. The last two comprise tectonic uplifts which have shaped the present landscape of Gujarat alluvial plains. Extensive ravines, valley fill terraces, asymmetric drainage, deeply incised fluvial valleys and entknched meanders are manifestations of tectonic uplift during the Holocene. The seismic record of the last few hundred years suggests continued tectonic instability of the area in and around Gujarat alluvial plains.Keywords
Quaternary Tectonism, Geomorphology, Basin Evolution, Fluvial System, Gujarat Alluvial Plains.- Geothermometry of the Granitoids of Eastern Higher Kumaun Himalaya, India
Authors
1 Department of Geology, M.S.University of Baroda, Vadodara-390002, IN
2 Department of Geology, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 53, No 2 (1999), Pagination: 211-217Abstract
The granitoids of eastern Higher Kumaun Himalaya show a metamorphic history extending from the Precambrian to Tertiary. The granitisation and formation of the granitoids within the Higher Himalaya were related to an early metamorphism (M1) that took place during Precambrian. Temperatures of the granitoids of eastern Higher Kumaun Himalaya are estimated based on co-existing feldspar pairs, alkali feldspar-muscovite geothermometer and Ti content in micas and are found to be in conformity with temperatures prevailing in the upper amphibolite facies.Keywords
Geothermometry, Metamorphism, Granitoids, Kumaun Himalaya.- Internal Geometry of Reactivated and Non-Reactivated Sandblow Craters Related to 2001 Bhuj Earthquake, India: A Modern Analogue for Interpreting Paleosandblow Craters
Authors
1 Department of Earth and Environmental Science, KSKV Kachchh University, Bhuj, Kachchh - 370 001, IN
2 Department of Geology, M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara - 390 002, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 79, No 4 (2012), Pagination: 367-375Abstract
The liquefaction attributes and crater geometry related to 2001 Bhuj earthquake has been reconstructed by trenching along large known craters formed near Umedpar in Kachchh. The study characterises the liquefied sediments in a large reactivated crater and distinguishes it from a non-reactivated crater located nearby. These characteristics can help in the interpretation of large paleocraters formed as a result of earthquake induced liquefaction.Keywords
Liquefaction, Crater Geometry, Intra-Plate Seismicity, Kachchh.References
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