The Redshift Blunder has been Obstructing Cosmology for Over a Century

As light travels extreme distances through space, its frequency slowly diminishes (attenuates). We observe this phenomenon as a redshift, the tendency of visible light to drop toward the red end of the spectrum. Unfortunately, for over 100 years redshift has been misinterpreted as a Doppler effect. This is the fundamental cosmological error that creates the fatal flaw in these misconceived hypotheses: big bang theory, expansion theory, Hubble’s law, dark matter, and dark energy. This study explains the true nature of redshift and provides a formula for estimating the rate at which light attenuates over extreme distances. When redshift is properly understood, it can tell us how far light travels before it drops beneath the visible spectrum.