![Open Access](https://i-scholar.in/lib/pkp/templates/images/icons/fulltextgreen.png)
![Restricted Access](https://i-scholar.in/lib/pkp/templates/images/icons/fulltextred.png)
Towards a Mechanism Type Structure for Light, Part I: Crucial Verification of how Light Spreads at Large Distances; Experimental Design, Non-wave Results and Consequences for Light, Gravity, Generally for Physics
We recognize that the spreading of light at large distances (the whole space) is the only property which can decide by yes or no if light really behaves physically like waves, while the fit of the waves for describing the diffraction fringes is insufficient for this purpose. Indeed, the fringe space is too limited and hence, brings the possibility of misinterpretation. Hence, the experiment for the direct verification if light is spreading like waves at large distances is necessary in principle, and is crucial. However, very surprisingly and tragically, this direct experiment was totally missing in history. This experiment uses the simplest diffraction case, in which a beam of light falls perpendicularly with its axis on the line and the plane of a straight edge. Practically, this experiment verifies if there is a dependence of the diffracted light at large distances in the geometrical shadow, on the changes in beam thickness traversal to a single straight edge, while the distribution of light along the straight edge remains the same. If this dependence exists, as the wave theory for light fundamentally predicts, then the wave approach to light is physically true. If there is no dependence then light cannot behave physically like waves. This experiment can clearly be developed and performed without any calculation from the wave approach, just by a careful measurement practice. However, for a broader view, we describe in detail wave results for spreading of light at large distance, which illustrate the experiment–what are the spatial points where the measurement must be done to see if the above dependence exists, and which is the big picture for the wave approach. We attempted this experiment for many years, but could not finish it because of the lack of resources to measure at 100 m–500 m. However, we show alternatively that the answer to how light spreads also comes from comparing the well-known wave results for the diffraction on macroscopic holes with relatively recent data for the diffraction on nanoscopic holes. This comparison clearly shows that light does not spread physically like waves, which makes necessary a new, non-wave but periodic structure for light. On this line, we show here the big-picture for developing this non-wave structure, that is a mechanismtype structure for light. With this new structure for light one can see that there is also a missing experiment at the foundation of gravity. Finally, the above alternative answer regarding the spreading of light also makes absolutely necessary to perform the above missing experiment, as a direct way that convinces anybody how light is spreading. The present article will empower big labs to perform this crucial experiment.
Keywords
Light spreading at large distances; Missing experiment for the wave approach.
User
Font Size
Information
- Johnson JL. White-light optical Fourier transform device. Applied optics. 1992;31(23):4688-92.
- F.W. Sears, Optics, (Adisson-Wesley Press, Inc., Cambridge 42, Mass., 1948).
- Sullivan RA. No quarter asked, but given! Phys. Educ. 1983;18(2):90.
- Morton N. Diffraction at a straight edge. Phys. Educ. 1983;18(5):207.
- Pearson JE, McGill TC, Kurtin S, et al. Diffraction of Gaussian laser beams by a semi-infinite plane. JOSA. 1969;59(11):1440-5.
- Born M, Wolf E. Principles of optics: electromagnetic theory of propagation, interference and diffraction of light. Elsevier; 2013.
- The CVI Melles Griot Technical Guide, All Things Photonic, 2(1)
- Yariv A. Optical electronics in modern communications. Oxf. Univ. Press, USA; 1997.
- Siegman AE. Lasers. University science books; 1986.
- Abramowitz M. Handbook of mathematical functions, National Bureau of Standards. Appl. Math. Ser. 1964(55).
- K.S. Kölbig, C335: Complex Error Function, Mathlib gen, CERN Library, Submitted 1970, Revised, 1993.
- W. Gautschi, Algorithm 363, Complex Error Function, Collected Algorithms from CACM (1969).
- Gautschi W. Efficient computation of the complex error function. SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 1970;7(1):187-98.
- Kölbig KS. Certification of algorithm 363 [S15]. Commun. ACM. 1972;15(6):465-6.
- Yariv A. Quantum electronics. John Wiley & Sons; 1989.
- Ebbesen TW, Lezec HJ, Ghaemi HF, et al. Extraordinary optical transmission through sub-wavelength hole arrays. nature. 1998 Feb;391(6668):667-9.
- Grupp DE, Lezec HJ, Ebbesen TW, et al. Crucial role of metal surface in enhanced transmission through subwavelength apertures. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2000;77(11):1569-71.
- Lezec HJ, Degiron A, Devaux E, et al. Beaming light from a subwavelength aperture. science. 2002;297(5582):820-2.
- Degiron A, Lezec HJ, Barnes WL, et al. Effects of hole depth on enhanced light transmission through subwavelength hole arrays. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2002;81(23):4327-9.
- Martin-Moreno L, Garcia-Vidal FJ, Lezec HJ, et al. Theory of highly directional emission from a single subwavelength aperture surrounded by surface corrugations. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2000;90(16):167401.
- Martin-Moreno L, Garcia-Vidal FJ, Lezec HJ, et al. Theory of highly directional emission from a single subwavelength aperture surrounded by surface corrugations. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2003;90(16):167401.
- Yi JM, Cuche A, de León-Pérez F, et al. Diffraction regimes of single holes. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2012;109(2):023901.
- Yi JM. Diffraction of single holes through planar and nanostructured metal films .
- Borovikov VA, Borovikov VA, Kinber BY, et al. Geometrical theory of diffraction. Iet; 1994.
- James GL. Geometrical theory of diffraction for electromagnetic waves. IET; 1986.
- Morton N. Thomas Young and the theory of diffraction. Phys. Educ. 1979;14(7):450.
- Goodman W. Statistical Optics, J. Wilwy & Sons. Inc., New York. 1985.
- O.S. Heavens, R.W. Ditchburn, “Insight into Optics”, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, 1991
- Goodman JW. introduction to Fourier Optics.1968
- Pearson JE, McGill TC, Kurtin S, et al. Diffraction of Gaussian laser beams by a semi-infinite plane. JOSA. 1969;59(11):1440-5.
- Born M, Wolf E. Principles of optics: electromagnetic theory of propagation, interference and diffraction of light. Elsevier; 2013.
- The CVI Melles Griot Technical Guide, All Things Photonic,2(1)
- Yariv A. Optical electronics in modern communications. Oxford University Press, USA; 1997.
- Siegman AE. Lasers. Univ. sci. books; 1986.
- Abramowitz M. Handbook of mathematical functions, National Bureau of Standards. Appl. Math. Ser. 1964(55).
- K.S. Kölbig, C335: Complex Error Function, Mathlib gen, CERN Library, Submitted 1970, Revised, 1993.
- W. Gautschi, Algorithm 363, Complex Error Function, Collected Algorithms from CACM (1969).
- Gautschi W. Some elementary inequalities relating to the gamma and incomplete gamma function. J. Math. Phys. 1959;38(1):77-81.
- Kölbig KS. Certification of algorithm 363 [S15]. Commun. ACM. 1972;15(6):465-6.
- Yariv A. Quantum electronics. John Wiley & Sons; 1989.
![](https://i-scholar.in/public/site/images/abstractview.png)
Abstract Views: 107
![](https://i-scholar.in/public/site/images/pdfview.png)
PDF Views: 1