Oriental Journal of Computer Science and Technology

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

Spectrum Handoff in Cognitive Radio Networks:A Survey


Affiliations
1 Division of Agricultural Engineering, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir Srinagar, J&K, India
 

Cognitive radio (CR) is a promising solution to improve the spectrum utilization by enabling unlicensed users to exploit the spectrum in an opportunistic manner. Spectrum handoff is a different type of handoff in CR necessitated by the reappearance of primary user (PU) in the licensed band presently occupied by the secondary users (SUs). Spectrum handoff procedures aim to help the SUs to vacate the occupied licensed spectrum and find suitable target channel to resume the unfinished transmission. The purpose of spectrum mobility management in cognitive radio networks is to make sure that the transitions are made smoothly and rapidly such that the applications running on a cognitive user perceive minimum performance degradation during a spectrum handoff. In this paper, we will survey the literature on spectrum handoff in cognitive radio networks.

Keywords

Cognitive Radio, Spectrum Handoff, Primary User, Secondary User, Spectrum Mobility.
User
Notifications
Font Size

  • Cisco. Scaling the mobile internet. White Paper, 2009.

  • Federal Communications Commission (FCC). Notice of proposed rulemaking and order No. 03-222. Dec. 2003.

  • Spectrum occupancy measurements (SSC). 1595 Spring Hill Rd, Suite 110, Vienna, VA 22182, USA, Tech Rep.. 2005. [Online]http://www.sharedspectrum.com/

  • McHenry M.A., Tenhule P.A., McCloskey D., Roberson D.A., Hood C.S. Chicago spectrum occupancy measurements and analysis and a long term studies proposal. Proceedings of 1st International Workshop on Technology and Pol icy for Accessing Spect rum (TAPAS’ 06) New York, USA (ACM), 2006.

  • Lopez-Benitez M., Umbert A., Casadevall F. Evaluation of spectrum occupancy in Spain for cognitive radio applications. Proceedings of IEEE 69th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC 2009 Spring), 2009; 1-5.

  • Islam M.H., Koh C.L., Oh S.W., Qing X., Lai Y.Y., et al,. Spectrum survey in Singapore: Occupancy measurements and analyses. Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented

  • Wireless Networks and Communications (CROWNCOM), May 2008;1–7.

  • Wellens M., Wu J., Mahonen P. Evaluation of spectrum occupancy in indoor and outdoor scenario in the context of cognitive radio. Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented

  • Wireless Networks and Communications (CROWNCOM), Aug 2007; 420-7.

  • Harrold T.J., Cepeda R.A., Beach M.A. Long-term measurements of spectrum occupancy characteristics. Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySpan) Aachen, Germany, May 2011; 83-9.

  • Chiang R.I.C., Rowe G.B., Sowerby K.W. A quantitative analysis of spectral occupancy measurements for cognitive radio. Proceedings of IEEE 65th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC), Dublin, Ireland, April 2007; 3016-20.

  • Mehdawi M., Riley N., Paulson K., Fanan A., Ammar M. Spectrum occupancy survey in Hull-UK for cognitive radio applications:Measurement and analysis. J. Scientific and Technology Research, April 2013; 2(4):231-6.

  • Ileri O., Samardzija D., Mandayam N.B. Dynamic property rights spectrum access: Flexible ownership based spectrum management. Proceedings of 2nd IEEE International Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Network (DySPAN) Dublin, Ireland, April 2007; 254-65.

  • Kim H., Hyon T., Lee Y. Priority and negotiation based dynamic spectrum allocation scheme for multiple radio access network operators. IEICE Transactions on Communications, 2010; E91-B(7):2393-6.

  • Akyildiz I.F., Lee W.Y., Vuran M.C., Mohanty S. Next generation/dynamic spectrum access/cognitive radio wireless networks: A survey. Computer Networks (Elsevier), 2006; 50:2127–59.

  • Haykin S. Cognitive radio: Brain empowered wireless communications. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 2005; 23(2):201-20.

  • Arslan H.(ed): Cognitive radio, software defined radio, and adaptive wireless systems. Springer, 2007 (e-book).

  • Fu X., Zhou W., Xu J., Song J. Extended mobility management challenges over cellular networks combined with cognitive radio by using multi-hop network. Proceedings of International Conference

  • on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking, and Parallel/distributed Computing, July 2007; 2:683-8.

  • Liu H.J., Wang Z.X., Li S.F., Yi M. Study on the performance of spectrum mobility in cognitive wireless network. Proceedings of 11th IEEE International Conference on Communication Systems (ICCS), 2008; 1010-4.

  • Quang B. V., Prasad R. V., Niemegeers I. A survey on handoffs- Lessons for 60 GHz based wireless systems. IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, 2010; 14(1): 64-86.

  • Cavdar D., Yilmaz H.B., Tugcu T., Alagoz F. Analytical modeling and performance evaluation of cognitive radio networks. Proceedings of 6th Advanced International Conference on Telecommunications (AICT), IEEE Computer Society, 2010; 35-40.

  • Wang L.C., Wang C.W., Chang C.J. Modeling and analysis for spectrum handoffs in cognitive radio networks. Proceedings of IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 2011; 11(9): 1499-1513.

  • Wang L.C., Wang C.W., Feng K.T. A queuingtheoretical framework for QoS-enabled spectrum management in cognitive radio networks. IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine, 2011; 18(6):18-26.

  • Zheng S., Yang X., Chen S., Lou C. Target channel sequence selection scheme for proactive- decision spectrum handoff. IEEE Communications Letters, 2011; 15(12):1332-4.

  • Srinivasa S., Jafar S.A. The throughput potential of cognitive radio: A theoretical perspective. Proceedings of 40th Asilomer Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, 2006; 221-5.

  • Shi Q., Taubenheim D., Kyperountas S., Gorday P., Correal N. Link maintenance protocol for cognitive radio system with OFDM PHY. Proceedings of 2nd IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN), 2007; 440-3.

  • Wang C.W., Wang L.C. Modeling and analysis for proactive decision spectrum handoff in cognitive radio networks. Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), 2009;1-6.

  • Willkomm D., Gross J., Wolisz A. Reliable link maintenance in cognitive radio systems. Proceedings of 1st IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN), 2005; 371-8.

  • Tian J., Bi G. A new link maintenance and compensation model for cognitive UWB radio systems. Proceedings of 6th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications, 2006; 254-7.

  • Wang C.W., Wang L.C., Adachi F. Modeling and analysis for reactive decision spectrum handoff in cognitive radio networks. Proceedings of IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM), 2010; 1-6.

  • Wang L.C., Wang C.W. Spectrum handoff for cognitive radio networks: reactive sensing or proactive sensing? Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Performance, Computing and Communications (IPCCC), 2008; 343-8.

  • Lala N.A., Moin Uddin, Sheikh N.A. Novel hybrid spectrum handoff for cognitive radio networks. International Journal of Wireless and Microwave Technologies, Sep. 2013; 3(1):1-10.

  • Zhang Y. Spectrum handoff in cognitive radio networks: opportunistic and negotiated situations. Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), 2009; 1-6.

  • Zhu X., Shen L., Yum T.S.P. Analysis of cognitive radio spectrum access with optimal channel reservation. Proceedings of IEEE Communications Letters, 2007; 11(4):304-6.

  • Zhang Y. Dynamic spectrum access in cognitive radio wireless networks. Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), 2008, 4927-32.

  • Ahmed W., Gao J., Faulkner M. Performance evaluation of cognitive radio network with exponential and truncated usage models. Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Wireless Pervasive Computing (ISWPC), 2009; 1-5.

  • Wang L.C., Wang C.W. Spectrum management techniques with QoS provisioning in cognitive radio networks. Proceedings of 5th IEEE International Symposium on Wireless Pervasive Computing (ISWPC), 2010; 116-21.

  • Mitola J. Cognitive radio for flexible mobile multimedia communications. Proceedings of IEEE International Workshop on Mobile Multimedia Communications (MoMUC), 1999; 3-10.

  • Liu H.J., Li S.F., Wang Z.X., Hong W.J., Yi M. Strategy of dynamic spectrum access strategy based on spectrum pool. Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM), 2008; 1-6.

  • Han H., Wu Q., Yin H. Spectrum sensing for real-time spectrum handoff in CRNs. Proceedings of 3rd IEEE International Conference on Advanced Computer Theory and Engineering (ICACTE), 2010; 480-4.

  • Qiao X., Tan Z., Li J. Combined optimization of spectrum handoff and spectrum sensing for cognitive radio systems. Proceedings of 7th IEEE International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM), 2011; 1-4.

  • Wu C., He C., Jiang L., Chen Y. A novel spectrum handoff scheme with spectrum admission control in cognitive radio networks. Proceedings of IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM), 2011; 1-5.

  • Yoon S., Ekici E. Voluntary spectrum handoff: A novel approach to spectrum management in CRNs. Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), 2010;1-5.

  • Zheng S., Yang X., Chen S., Lou C. Target channel sequence selection scheme for proactive-decision spectrum handoff. IEEE Communications Letters, 2011;15(12):1332-4.

  • Li L., Shen Y., Li K., Lin K. TPSH: A novel spectrum handoff approach based on time estimation in dynamic spectrum networks. Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering (CSE), 2011; 345-50.

  • Ma R.T., Hsu Y.P., Feng K.T. A POMDP-based spectrum handoff protocol for partially observable cognitive radio networks. Proceedings of IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), 2009;1-6.

  • Yuan G., Grammenos R.C., Yang Y., Wang W. Selective spectrum sensing and access based on traffic prediction. Proceedings of 20th IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, 2009; 1078-82.

  • Xie X., Yang G., Ma B. Spectrum handoff decision algorithm with dynamic weights in cognitive radio networks. Proceedings of IEEE Global Mobile Congress (GMC), 2011;1-6.

  • Lertsinsrubtavee A., Malouch N., Fdida S. Spectrum handoff strategy using cumulative probability in cognitive radio networks. Proceedings of 3rd International Congress on Ultramodern Telecommunications and Control Systems Workshop (ICUMT), 2011;1-7.

  • Giupponi L., Perez-Neira A.I. Fuzzy based spectrum handoff in cognitive radio networks. Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications (CrownCom), 2008;1-6.

  • Kaur P., Moin Uddin, Khosla A. An efficient spectrum mobility management strategy in cognitive radio networks. Proceedings of 1st UK-India International Workshop on Cognitive Wireless Systems (UKIWCWS), 2009;1-6.

  • Lala N.A., Moin Uddin, Sheikh N.A. Novel spectrum handoff in cognitive radio networks using fuzzy logic. International Journal of Information Technology and computer Science, Oct. 2013; 5(11):103-10.

  • Baroudi U., Alfadhly A. Effects of mobility and primary appearance probability on spectrum handoff. Proceedings of 73rd IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC spring), 2011;1-6.

  • Song Y., Xie J. Common hopping based proactive spectrum handoff in cognitive radio adhoc networks. Proceedings of IEEE Global Telecommunication Conference (GLOBECOM), 2010;1-5.

  • Song Y., Xie J. Proactive spectrum handoff in cognitive radio adhoc networks based on common hopping coordination. Proceedings of IEEE Workshop on Computer Communications (INFOCOM), 2010;1-2.

  • Song Y., Xie J. ProSpect: A proactive spectrum handoff framework for cognitive radio adhoc networks without common control channel. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 2012; 11(7):1127-39.

  • Song Y., Xie J. Performance analysis of spectrum handoff for cognitive radio adhoc networks without common control channel under homogeneous primary traffic. Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM, 2011; 3011-9.


Abstract Views: 296

PDF Views: 0




  • Spectrum Handoff in Cognitive Radio Networks:A Survey

Abstract Views: 296  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

Nisar A. Lala
Division of Agricultural Engineering, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir Srinagar, J&K, India
Altaf A. Balkhi
Division of Agricultural Engineering, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir Srinagar, J&K, India
G. M. Mir
Division of Agricultural Engineering, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir Srinagar, J&K, India

Abstract


Cognitive radio (CR) is a promising solution to improve the spectrum utilization by enabling unlicensed users to exploit the spectrum in an opportunistic manner. Spectrum handoff is a different type of handoff in CR necessitated by the reappearance of primary user (PU) in the licensed band presently occupied by the secondary users (SUs). Spectrum handoff procedures aim to help the SUs to vacate the occupied licensed spectrum and find suitable target channel to resume the unfinished transmission. The purpose of spectrum mobility management in cognitive radio networks is to make sure that the transitions are made smoothly and rapidly such that the applications running on a cognitive user perceive minimum performance degradation during a spectrum handoff. In this paper, we will survey the literature on spectrum handoff in cognitive radio networks.

Keywords


Cognitive Radio, Spectrum Handoff, Primary User, Secondary User, Spectrum Mobility.

References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.13005/ojcst%2F10.04.10