Records of the Zoological Survey of India - A Journal of Indian Zoology

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

Population Status and Distribution Assessment of Nicobar Long-Tailed Macaque Macaca fascicularis umbrosus (Miller, 1902) in Nicobar Group of Islands


Affiliations
1 Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata - 700053, India
 

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


Macaca fascicularis umbrosus also known as Nicobar long tailed macaque is a subspecies of long-tailed macaque. It has a restricted distribution in the three islands namely Great Nicobar, Little Nicobar and Katchal of Nicobar Island groups. This species is the only non-human primates found in Nicobar group of islands. The species has been classified as Vulnerable' in IUCN Red list due to its restricted distribution, and susceptibility of its habitat to natural calamities. The study has been carried out during December 2015 and April 2016 in two islands viz., Katchal and Great Nicobar out of the three islands where the species is distributed to estimate the present status of Macaca fascicularis umbrosus. Based on the two systematic surveys conducted in the known habitats of the species, a total of n = 28 groups comprises of n = 958 individuals were observed and out of which n = 193 individuals were observed in Katchal island and n = 765 individuals were observed in Great Nicobar Island. The group encounter rate was higher in Great Nicobar i.e. 0.59 ± 0.1 groups/km (ER ± SE) where the group encounter rate in Katchal island was 0.36 ± 0.2 (ER ± SE).

Keywords

Conservation, Distribution, Macaca fascicularis umbrosus, Nicobar Long Tailed Macaque.
User
Subscription Login to verify subscription
Notifications
Font Size

  • Brecht, H., Dasgupta, S., Laplante, B., Murray, S. and Wheeler, D. 2012. Sea-Level Rise and Storm Surges: High Stakes for a Small Number of Developing Countries, The Journal of Environment and Development, 21(1), 120-138. https://doi.org/10.1177/1070496511433601.

  • Eudey, A. 2008. The Crab-Eating Macaque (Macaca fascicularis): Widespread and Rapidly Declining. Primate Conservation, 23, 129-132. https://doi.org/10.1896/052.023.0115.

  • Fittinghoff, N.A. 1972. Macaca facicularis on eastern borneo: Ecology, Demography, social behaviour and social organization in relation to a refuging habit. PhD Thesis, University of California.

  • Fooden, J. 1995. Systematic Review of Southeast Asian longtail macaques, Macaca fascicularis, Raffles, (1821), Fieldiana Zoology, 81, 1-206. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.3456.

  • Groves, C.P. 2001. Primate Taxonomy. Washington, DC, Published by Smithsonian Institution Press.

  • Hamada, Y., Hadi, I., Urasopon, N. and Malaivijitnond, S. 2005. Preliminary report on yellow long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) at Kosumpee Forest Park, Thailand. Primates, 46, 269-273. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10329-005-0126-z. PMid: 15834641.

  • Karuppannan, K., Saaban, S., Mustapa, A.R., Abidin, Z.F.A., Azimat, N.A., and Keliang, C. 2014. Population Status of Long-Tailed Macaque (Macaca fascicularis) in Peninsular Malaysia, Journal of Primatology, 3, 118. https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-6801.1000118.

  • Kondo, M., Kawamoto, Y., Nozawa, K., Matsubayashi, K., Watanabe, T., Griffiths, O., Stanley, M.A. 1993. Population genetics of crabeating macaques (Macaca fascicularis) on the island of Mauritius, American Journal of Primatology, 29, 167-182. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.1350290303.

  • MacKinnon, K.S. 1986. The conservation status of nonhuman primates in Indonesia, In: Benirschke, K. (ed.) Primates: The Road to Self-Sustaining Populations. Springer- Verlag, New York, 99-126. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4918-4_8.

  • Molur S., Jones B.D., Dittus W., Eudey A., Kumar A., Singh M., Feeroz M.M.., Chalise M., Priya P., Walker S. 2003. Status of South Asian Primates: Conservation Assessment and Management Plan (C.A.M.P.) Workshop Report. Zoo Outreach Organisation / CBSG-South Asia, Coimbatore, India, viii+432pp.

  • Napier, J.R. 1967. Evolutionary aspects of primate locomotion, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 27, 333-342. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330270306. PMid: 4968059.

  • Nila, S., Suryobroto, B. and Widayati, K.A. 2014. Dietary Variation of Long Tailed Macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in Telaga Warna, Bogor, West Java, HAYATI Journal of Biosciences, 21(1): 8-14. https://doi.org/10.4308/hjb.21.1.8.

  • Ong P, Richardson M. 2008. Macaca fascicularis ssp. umbrosus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. e.T39791A10257717.

  • Porwal M.C., Padalia H, Roy P.S. 2011. Impact of tsunami on the forest and biodiversity richness in Nicobar Islands (Andaman and Nicobar Islands), India, Biodiversity and Conservation, 21, 1267-1287. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-011-0214-x.

  • Rajeshkumar, S. and Raghunathan, C. 2014. Current status of population and demography of Nicobar crab-eating macaque (Macaca fascicularis umbrosa) in the Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India, Asian Journal of Conservation Biology, 3(2): 120-126.

  • Ramachandran S, Anitha S, Balamurugan V, Dharanirajan K, Vendhan EK, Divien MIP, et al., 2005. Ecological impact of tsunami on Nicobar Islands (Camorta, Katchal, Nancowry and Trinkat), Current Science, 89, 195-200.

  • Rignot, E., Velicogna, I., van den Broeke, M. R., Monaghan, A., Lenaerts, J. and Velicogna, I. 2011. Acceleration of the contribution of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets to sea level rise, Geophysical Research Letters, 38(5), L05503: 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL046583.

  • San, A. M. and Hamada, Y. 2009. Reproductive Seasonality of Myanmar Long-tailed Macaque (Macaca fascicularis aurea), The Natural History Journal of Chulalongkorn University, 9(2): 223-234.

  • Sivakumar K. 2010. Impact of the tsunami (December, 2004) on the long tailed macaque of Nicobar Islands, India, Hystrix, the Italian Journal of Mammalogy, (n.s.) 21(1): 35-42.

  • Sussman, R.W. and Tattersall, I. 1981. Behavior and Ecology of Macaca fascicularis in Mauritius: A Preliminary Study, Primates, 22(2): 192-205. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02382610.

  • Tikader, B.K., Das, A.K. 1982. Glimpses of Animal Life of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Published by Zoological Survey of India.

  • Umapathy G., Singh M., Mohnot M. 2003. Status and Distribution of Macaca fascicularis umbrosa in the Nicobar Islands, India, International Journal of Primatology, 24(2): 281- 293. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023045132009.

  • Velankar, A.D, Honnavalli, N. Kumara, Pal. A, Mishra1, P.S, Singh. M, 2016. Population Recovery of Nicobar Long-Tailed Macaque Macaca fascicularis umbrosus following a Tsunami in the Nicobar Islands, India, PLoS ONE, 11(2): e0148205. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0148205. PMid: 26886197, PMCid: PMC4757450.

  • Yeager, C.P. 1996. Feeding Ecology of the Long-Tailed Macaque (Macaca fascicularis) in Kalimantan Tengah, Indonesia, International Journal of Primatology, 17(1): 51-62. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02696158.

  • Zain, M.D, B.M., Sha’ari, N.A., Mohd-Zaki, M., Ruslin, F., Idris, N.I., Kadderi, M.D and Idris, W.M.R. 2010. A comprehensive population survey and daily activity budget on long-tailed macaques of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Journal of Biological Sciences, 10(7): 608- 615. https://doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2010.608.615.


Abstract Views: 495

PDF Views: 213




  • Population Status and Distribution Assessment of Nicobar Long-Tailed Macaque Macaca fascicularis umbrosus (Miller, 1902) in Nicobar Group of Islands

Abstract Views: 495  |  PDF Views: 213

Authors

P. C. Saren
Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata - 700053, India
Dipankar Basu
Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata - 700053, India
Tanoy Mukherjee
Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata - 700053, India

Abstract


Macaca fascicularis umbrosus also known as Nicobar long tailed macaque is a subspecies of long-tailed macaque. It has a restricted distribution in the three islands namely Great Nicobar, Little Nicobar and Katchal of Nicobar Island groups. This species is the only non-human primates found in Nicobar group of islands. The species has been classified as Vulnerable' in IUCN Red list due to its restricted distribution, and susceptibility of its habitat to natural calamities. The study has been carried out during December 2015 and April 2016 in two islands viz., Katchal and Great Nicobar out of the three islands where the species is distributed to estimate the present status of Macaca fascicularis umbrosus. Based on the two systematic surveys conducted in the known habitats of the species, a total of n = 28 groups comprises of n = 958 individuals were observed and out of which n = 193 individuals were observed in Katchal island and n = 765 individuals were observed in Great Nicobar Island. The group encounter rate was higher in Great Nicobar i.e. 0.59 ± 0.1 groups/km (ER ± SE) where the group encounter rate in Katchal island was 0.36 ± 0.2 (ER ± SE).

Keywords


Conservation, Distribution, Macaca fascicularis umbrosus, Nicobar Long Tailed Macaque.

References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.26515/rzsi%2Fv119%2Fi3%2F2019%2F144476