Research Journal of Engineering and Technology

Jaspal Singh ¹, S. S. Verma ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Physics, Akal Degree College, Mastuana Sahib, District-Sangrur (Punjab), IN
2 Department of Physics, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, District-Sangrur-148 106 (Punjab), IN

Abstract

This research work reports about the energy conversion characteristics of advanced thermoelectric materials like Platinum, Rhodium, Constantan, Chromel and Alumel (of types B, E, R, K and S) in the influence of applied electric field dynamics. These kinds of the materials are generally taken as the temperature measuring tools in the critical molten states of certain materials and other high temperature conditions. But here, their response only to Seebeck effect is analyzed as the functioning of thermo generator elements. This is an approach of their use in those conditions where the waste heat is available along with the electric fields. The generation of thermo emf is investigated in the normal mode to the temperature range of 330°C and then compared with their similar performances under the effect of applied electric field in various orientations (parallel and perpendicular) for different magnitudes in the same temperature range.

Keywords

Thermocouples, Temperature Gradient, Thermo emf, Electric Field.

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Jaspal Singh ¹, S. S. Verma ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Physics, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal (Deemed to be University), Distt.-Sangrur, (Punjab) 148-106, IN

Abstract

This paper presents some results of experimental research addressing the influence of magnetic field dynamics on the Seebeck effect (i.e., performance) of some selected classical thermocouples namely: Cu-Fe, Fe-constantan, constantannichrome, Fe-nichrome and Cu-nichrome. Thermocouples were selected on the basis of their easy availability and low cost with an aim of their (thermocouples) suitability towards the conversion of waste heat into electricity, i.e. as generator thermo-elements. Effect of magnetic field dynamics of thermo-emf generation was investigated in the temperature range from 30°C to 350°C. The generation of thermo-emf for these thermocouples was studied at different values of applied magnetic field for its three (i.e., parallel, anti-parallel and perpendicular) orientations w. r. t. thermocouple. The magnetic field dependence of the Seebeck voltage was found to be large. Results show not only the significant increase in the thermo-emf generation in case of all these thermocouples but also indicate greater stability of thermo-emf generation with temperature variation. This highlights the importance of magnetic field not only in terms of increasing the thermo-emf generation and stability, but also towards the need of accuracy concern about the thermocouple response in temperature measurements.

Keywords

Classical Thermocouples, Waste Heat Recovery, Magnetic Field Dynamics, Thermo-Emf.

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Jagmeet Singh Sekhon ¹, S. S. Verma ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Physics, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal (Deemed to Be University), Distt.-Sangrur, (Punjab) 148-106, IN

Abstract

In the present analysis, absorption spectrum of gold nanorod is modeled by Gans theory with the introduction of interband transition contribution to the dielectric function of the gold material. A linear relationship is found between the absorption maxima of longitudinal plasmon resonance and aspect ratio. Since the absorption maxima of the longitudinal plasmon resonance also depend on the refractive index value of the surrounding medium therefore, the surrounding medium in present analysis was taken as water with its refractive index value of 1.33. It is observed that with the increase in aspect ratio of gold nanorod the absorption intensity increases and the resonance wavelength shifts towards red regime of visible spectrum and further increase in the aspect ratio (~4) results a resonance wavelength in the near infrared regime. Further, a comparison with the results obtained for gold nanorods by the different theoretical models, like LC circuit model, discrete dipole approximation (DDA), experimental data, as well as the linear fit equation of experimental data was done to authenticate the parametric effect in present analysis on plasmon resonance in nano-structured materials (nanorod here). Our analytical results show a close agreement with linear curve fit equation of experimental data in comparison to the other models.

Keywords

Surface Plasmon, Resonance, Aspect Ratio, Nanorod.

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