Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Jitendra Kumar Premi ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Studies in Anthropology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh-492010, IN

Abstract

"An angry dispute or altercation; a disagreement marked by a temporary or permanent break in friendly relations" are called quarrel. Violence against women is a serious problem in India. Overall, one-third of women age 15-49 have experienced physical violence and about 1 in 10 has experienced sexual violence. In total, 35 percent have experienced physical or sexual violence. The aim of the present study is to achieve following objectives: to find out incidences of quarrel with Pardhi and Gond women of Chhattisgarh, to explore causes of quarrel with Pardhi and Gond women of Chhattisgarh, to suggest some advice for reducing violence against tribal women. Five villages of Dhamtari District (Chhattisgarh), namely: Kosmarra, Chararra, Bhushrenga, Kanharpuri and Bhalujhula have been selected by the random sampling. After that, 200 married and unmarried women belonging to the Pardhi tribe and Gond tribe, aged 15-56 years were chosen by random sampling method from those five villages. The interview cum structured schedule was used to collect the primary data. Group discussion technique was also used to collect and cross- checks the data. Almost all the respondents among Pardhi and the Gond tribal women have tormented by quarrel from time to time. Some of the women have faced every day this type of terrible situation, this vulnerable group of women may have victims of physical violence. Husbands of the Pardhi and the Gond women are the main accused of such kinds of domestic violence. The disappointment of the performance of housework of the respondents is the main cause of quarrel. There is no significant divergence found on the variation of the various issues for the domestic quarrel with women of the Pardhi and the Gond.

Keywords

Domestic Violence, Tribal, Women, Pardhi, Gond, Chhattisgarh.

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Jitendra Kumar Premi ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Studies in Anthropology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh-492010, IN

Abstract

Birhor means jungle people - Bir means jungle, Hor means men. The Birhors are of short stature, long head, wavy hair and broad nose. They belong to the Proto-Australoid racial stock. According to the India census (2011) India consists of only 17,241 the Birhor tribal populations, which is only 0.01 percent of the total tribal population of India. This population data has proved populace scarcity of the Birhor tribe in India. Jharkhand has wrapped the foremost population (62.21 percent) of the total population of the Birhor tribe in India, which indicates that the origin of this tribe is Jharkhand. The "primitive subsistence economy" of the Birhors has been based on nomadic gathering and hunting, particularly for monkeys. They also trap rabbits and titirs (a small bird), and collect and sell honey. They make ropes out of the fibers of a particular species of vine, which they sell in the markets of the nearby agricultural people. Due to combined effect of changed circumstances and government policies, some of the Birhors have adopted settled agricultural economy in recent years, but inspite of that, their traditional tendency of leading nomadic life has not gone. According to the socioeconomic standing the Birhors are classified into two groups. While the wandering Birhors are called Uthlus, the settled Birhors are called Janghis. The Birhor tribe has been facing culturisation and acculturisation problem as they live together with various tribal and non tribal communities. They are highly influenced with their culture and the Birhor had left their own cultural characteristics. Now the Birhor's ethnic characteristics are vanishing as well as they are losing their identity. In the light of above, it is suggested that it is urgent need to document the ethnic characteristics of primitive tribe and to conserve their culture.

Keywords

Birhor, Inconsequential, Primitive Tribal Group (PTG), India.

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Jitendra Kumar Premi ¹, Mitashree Mitra ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Studies in Anthropology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh-492010, IN

Abstract

To sum up the net findings, even in today's age of modern life of progress and advancement, Baiga tribal people are forced to live in the ramshackle of makeshift dwellings. During fieldwork it was observed that the water that came out from hand pumps were red or saffron in colour which was not fit for drinking. So using such water to alley one's thirst invited all kinds of diseases. Though to provide them with moderate and modest standard of accommodation, the government launched the housing project under the aegis of "Indira Awas Yojana" and make provision of dolling out financial help to them. Moreover, more cohesive and constructive steps should be taken that the Baiga's drinking water -bringing should not continue to remain a daily ordeal.

At least two steps ought to be taken with immediate effect for resolving the problems, so as to ameliorate the dwelling status, and to provide the safe drinking water facility to the Baiga community and the vast concourse similar tribal population: first, the paramount necessity is, as regards to tribal housing, the fund allocated for "Indira Awas Yojana", should be made double with immediate effect, and its repayment might be made through the "Adhar Card", which should be directly in the name of the Baiga couples both husband and wife inclusive. Secondly, in tribal villages, in the vicinity, at the distance of every 100 meters hand pumps should be installed, not as a bare formality, but with wihiggish caution, see to it that such hand pumps supply drinkable water, constantly. These should be monitored by trained and efficient plumbers/pump men/engineers. The latter should supervise individually and as a team. And at least once in a month, taking in confidence the members of the Baiga and other tribal families, ensure the supply of drinkable water with no abatement.

Keywords

Baiga Tribe, Dwelling Pattern and Drinking Water, Chhattisgarh.

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