Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Technology

Nisha Nair ¹, Amrita Thakur ¹, Mukta Agrawal ¹, Juhi Thakur ¹, Shubhangi Gupta ¹, Bharti Sahu ¹, Devendra Kumar ¹, Indu Rai ¹, Jaya Sonkar ¹, Kalyani Sahu ¹, Kuldeep ¹, Kailash Kumar ¹, Muktanand ¹, Nidhi Kaushik ¹, Omkar Sahu ¹, Somsunder Sahu ¹, Umesh Kumar ¹, D. K. Tripathi ¹, Ajazuddin ¹, Amit Alexander ¹

Affiliations
1 Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka-Kurud Road, Bhilai - 490024, Chhattisgarh, IN

Abstract

As the demands of world biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries have increased, a need to develop and enhance, reaction stability, reusability and shelf life of enzymes has also become necessary. Hence noveltechnologies are needed to facilitate large-scale and economic formulations. Enzyme immobilization is a technique most apt to meet all the challenges in regards to enzyme activity. It provides immensescope for increasing availability of enzyme to the substrate and also increases product turn over, also increases the efficiency of an enzyme to a great extent. Immobilization of enzyme can be done by entrapment, support binding, cross-linking of enzyme crystals, etc. For immobilization, numerous natural and synthetic support materials are used. Nowadays, immobilized enzymes are much more preferred rather than their free counterpart because of their prolonged availability. Immobilized enzymesare widely used in pharmaceutical industries, cosmetic industries, food processing, biofuel production and many other sectors. The present study is performed for the motivation of the graduates towards publication and research. Hence, we have encouraged the graduates to prepare an informative article on the current subject.

Keywords

Immobilization, Adsorption, Cross-Linking, Microencapsulation, Covalent Bonding.

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Amrita Thakur ¹, Nisha Nair ¹, Mukta Agrawal ¹, Yashi Thakur ¹, Juhi Thakur ¹, Teman Nirmalkar ¹, Ved Prakash Verma ¹, Vibhash Gupta ¹, Vivek Singh Yadav ¹, Kalpana Mahilange ¹, Pooja Mahant ¹, Pritam Yadav ¹, Deepak Patel ¹, Dinesh Khamari ¹, Jyotsana Meshram ¹, Rakesh Sahu ¹, Tarun Ghatode ¹, D. K. Tripathi ¹, Ajazuddin ¹, Amit Alexander ¹

Affiliations
1 Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka-Kurud Road, Bhilai - 490024, Chhattisgarh, IN

Abstract

A plethora of research and industrial processes used microemulsion system after its discovery by Jack H. Shulman. The microemulsionis defined as clear, stable, isotropic mixtures of oil, water, and surfactant, frequently in combination with a co-surfactant. They are solutions of oil, water,andamphiphile which are optically isotropic and thermodynamically stable. The aqueous phase present in the system contains salt(s) and other ingredients while the "oil" phase mainly forms a complex of different hydrocarbons and olefins. They do not require high shear conditions as compared to ordinary emulsions. Hence they are easy to prepare. Ultralow interfacial tension, large interfacial area, thermodynamic stability and the ability to solubilize immiscible liquids are some of its unique properties. They also show the ability to protect labile drug, control drug release, increase drug solubility, increase bioavailability and reduce patient variability. Hence, microemulsion has gained most significance in both basictypes of research as well as in industry. They have wide applications and uses such as in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, cutting oils, biotechnology, food, agrochemicals, environmental detoxification, analytical applications, microporous media synthesis, etc. The microemulsion can be effectively used in dermal delivery because of its mechanism, hence can be used in pharmaceutical and cosmetics preparation. Microemulsion enhances the dermal absorption as they allow rapid penetration of active molecules due to the large surface area of the internal phase and their components reduce the barrier of stratum corneum. Thus, microemulsionisa promising vehicle for effective drug delivery. The current review article deals with information about the microemulsion. Also, the present study is performed for the motivation of the graduates towards publication and research. Hence, we have encouraged the graduates to prepare an informative article on the present subject.

Keywords

Microemulsion, Thermodynamically Stable, Bioavailability.

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Shubham Tripathi ¹, Somnath Patel ¹, Ritesh Patel ¹, Shraddha ¹, Pushpendra ¹, Sachin ¹, Neetish ¹, Mahendra ¹, Kuldeep ¹, Prashant ¹, Rajesh Patel ¹, Girish ¹, Nitin ¹, Tomanlal ¹, Amrita Thakur ¹, Mukta Agrawal ¹, Ajazuddin ¹, D. K. Tripathi ¹, Amit Alexander ¹

Affiliations
1 Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka-Kurud Road, Bhilai - 490024, Chhattisgarh, IN

Abstract

Many predefined ways are now a day adopted to interface with biological tissues. One such significant class of biomaterials are hydrogels, which are defined as highly hydrated materials. Hydrogels are designed to absorb a large amount of water or biological fluids due to its three-dimensional, hydrophilic, polymeric network. They closely simulate natural living tissue, more so than any other class of synthetic biomaterials because of their high-water content, porosity,and soft consistency.They are chemically stable but may degrade and gradually disintegrate up to dissolve. Now a day they become more popular because of their unique property of flexibility and biocompatibility. Hydrogels can be produced by both natural and synthetic polymers. These polymers undergo physical and chemical cross-linking to produce hydrogels. Due to their resemblance to the living tissue, they have the immense possibility to use hydrogels in the biomedical field. Some of the well-known use of hydrogels include manufacturing contact lenses, hygiene products, tissue engineering scaffolds, drug delivery system and wound dressings. The current review article deals with information about the hydrogels, their various types, preparation methods along with an evaluation of the same.Also, the present study is performed for the motivation of the graduates towards publication and research. Hence, we have encouraged the graduates to prepare an informative article on the present subject.

Keywords

Hydrogel, Polymeric Network, Porosity, Biocompatibility, Biomedical.

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Ayushmaan Roy ¹, Anjali Wahane ¹, Siddharth Karankal ¹, Prachi Sharma ¹, Davesh Khutel ¹, Onkarnath Singh ¹, Vinay Shardul ¹, Pitamber ¹, Nausheen Sabha ¹, Jyoti Dewangan ¹, Ajay Dewangan ¹, Akash Jangde ¹, Chaya Rani ¹, Tekeshwar Sahu ¹, D. K. Tripathi ¹, Mukta Agrawal ¹, Ajazuddin ¹, Gyanesh Sahu ¹, Amit Alexander ¹

Affiliations
1 Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka-Kurud Road, Bhilai - 490024, Chhattisgarh, IN

Abstract

Hydrogels belongs to the classes of 3-dimensional cross-related polymer's community which could withstand the wide varieties of environmental fluctuations. These biomaterials can include massive quantum of biological fluids with extraordinaryswelling properties. whilst swelled, they exhibit opportune biocompatibility. Nowadays drug delivery enjoys several demanding situations where hydrogel might be onedeserving answer to those. Thanks to the specific properties of hydrogel for which they're employed except ionally in the field of biomedical sciences. For this reason, the raining techniques of hydrogel biomaterial and the evaluation of the different classes of above mentioned are most importance. literature's survey suggested that this 3-dimensional structure may be homo-polymeric, co-polymeric, andinterpenetrating polymer networks (IPN) based on guidance techniques. Polymericblends like semi-IPN have additionally been investigated to meet the precise requirements of biomedical science. Particularly emphasizing on biocompatibility, However, bendy strategies of synthesis and tailor in a posit ion physical residencehad made the hydrogels to be used as a drug transport tool in issue engineering. As scaffolds, they also offer structural integrity like tissues regeneration andrepair and as a drug carrier it must have enough mechanical strength to maintain the structural integrity of drug moiety. In this review article a comprehensiveapproach has been made to describe the strategies of hydrogel synthesis withtheir inevitable properties.the present study is performed for the motivation of the graduates towards publication and research. Hence, we have encouraged the graduates to prepare an informative article on the present subject.

Keywords

Hydrogel, Homo-polymer, Co-Polymer, Interpenetrating Network, Swelling, Mechanical, Biocompatible.

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Priya Patel ¹, Rohini Sahu ¹, Renjil Joshi ¹, Surabhi Armarkar ¹, Tarannum Parveen ¹, Narendra Pratap ¹, Renuka Sahu ¹, Pushpanjali Sahu ¹, Dujram Sahu ¹, Rupali Manikpuri ¹, Madhav Patel ¹, Tikeshwar Sahu ¹, Bhupendra Rajak ¹, Parmanand Sahu ¹, Pooja Yadav ¹, Mukta Agrawal ¹, Ajazuddin ¹, D. K. Tripathi ¹, Amit Alexander ¹

Affiliations
1 Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka-Kurud Road, Bhilai - 490024, Chhattisgarh, IN

Abstract

Controlled release drug delivery system has achieved greater importance in the field of pharmaceutical sciences to provide therapeutic advantages over the conventional drug delivery system. Nowadays, the gastrointestinal controlled drug delivery system is more prominent than the controlled release system because these can govern the release rate of therapeutically active drug for a sustained period. A Gastro retentive dosage form improves the therapy by prolonging the gastric residence time of the drugs. Prolonged gastric retention improves bioavailability, reduces drug waste and improves solubility for drugs that are less soluble in a high pH environment.In this review, we have discussed various systems associated with gastro retentive drug delivery with their effective mode of action. Also, the approaches and factors to increase the gastric retention time have also been discussed. This drug delivery system has potential to overcome the limitations of the conventional system. The present study is performed for the motivation of the graduates towards publication and research. Hence, we have encouraged the graduates to prepare an informative article on the present subject.

Keywords

Gastro-Retentive, Controlled Drug Delivery, Floating Drug Delivery, Mucoadhesion.

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Alok Ranjan ¹, Aishwarya Sahu ¹, Akansha Yadav ¹, Alka Payasi ¹, Akash Jaiswal ¹, Akshay Kumar ¹, Akash Sahu ¹, Ashwani Jangde ¹, Chandrashekhar Nayak ¹, Dev Kumar ¹, Harshita Yarda ¹, Mitali Sahu ¹, Nokesh Sahu ¹, Rajesh Patel ¹, Nisha Nair ¹, Mukta Agrawal ¹, Ajazuddin ¹, D. K. Tripathi ¹, Amit Alexander ¹

Affiliations
1 Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka-Kurud Road, Bhilai - 490024, Chhattisgarh, IN

Abstract

The transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) are drug delivery system that gives rapid, the immediate therapeutic effect of the drug across the patient’s skin and its different layers. They are also called as patches. More than 75% of the drugs, now a day’s, are taken orally and are not very much effective. To overcome these problems, the transdermal drug delivery system has been evolved. The advantage of transdermal patches is that they deliver the drugs for better systemic effects at a controlled and a predetermined rate. This drug delivery system also endorses the controlled release of drug medicament into the skin of the patients. The chief aim of this drug delivery system is to deliver the drug contents into the systemic circulation through the permeation of skin at a predetermined rate. This article is an overview of different types of transdermal patches, their various method of preparation as well as their various physicochemical evaluation methods. The present study is performed for the motivation of the graduates towards publication and research. Hence, we have encouraged the graduates to prepare an informative article on the present subject.

Keywords

TDDS, Systemic Circulation, Transdermal Patches, Systemic Effects, Drug Medicament, Novel Drug Delivery System.

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Kritika Kanoujia ¹, Chandraprabha Dewangan ¹, AyushI Masih ¹, Dipti Sinha ¹, Divya Oraon ¹, Manisha Jaiswal ¹, Monika Sahu ¹, Ranjeeta Kumari ¹, Sapna Pradhan ¹, Ravi Suman ¹, Rajkishan Dewangan ¹, Roman Banjare ¹, Pradeep Paikra ¹, Mukesh Rawtiya ¹, Mukta Agrawal ¹, Ajazuddin ¹, D. K. Tripathi ¹, Amit Alexander ¹

Affiliations
1 Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka-Kurud Road, Bhilai - 490024, Chhattisgarh, IN

Abstract

The oral route is most preferred one as there is ease of administration and it is a painless approach. This favored route is restricted to those drug molecules that are absorbent over gastric mucosa. One of the promising techniques is SMEDDS. Self-micro emulsifying drug delivery system has gained more attention due to enhanced oral bioavailability enabling a reduction in dose, more consistent temporal profiles of drug absorption, selective targeting of drug towards specific absorption window in GIT, and protection of drugs from the unreceptive environment in the gut. SMEDDS provide the dissolved drugs form,and also its small size of droplets imparts substantial interfacial area for the absorption of drugs. It can simply get penetrated into the GIT which is the major advantages over another emulsion. The present study is performed for the motivation of the graduates towards publication and research. Hence, we have encouraged the graduates to prepare an informative article on the present subject.

Keywords

SMEDDS, Oral Drug Delivery, GIT, Solubility, Bioavailability.

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Umesh Kumar ¹, Khuman Lal ¹, Navneet Patel ¹, Lekhraj ¹, Jai Prakash ¹, Omkar ¹, Rakesh Gurjar ¹, Achyutanand Gupta ¹, Chandra Prakash ¹, Mukta Agrawal ¹, Ajazuddin ¹, D. K. Tripathi ¹, Amit Alexander ¹

Affiliations
1 Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka-Kurud Road, Bhilai - 490024, Chhattisgarh, IN

Abstract

Mucoadhesion is commonly defined as the adhesion between two materials, at least one of which is a mucosal surface. Over the past few decades, mucosal drug delivery has received a great deal of attention. Mucoadhesive dosage forms may be designed to enable prolonged retention at the site of application, providing a controlled rate of drug release for the improved therapeutic outcome. Application of dosage forms to mucosal surfaces may be of benefit to drug molecules not amenable to the oral route, such as those that undergo acid degradation or extensive first-pass metabolism. The mucoadhesive ability of a dosage form is dependent upon a variety of factors, including the nature of the mucosal tissue and the physicochemical properties of the polymeric formulation. The present study is performed for the motivation of the graduates towards publication and research. Hence, we have encouraged the graduates to prepare an informative article on the present subject.

Keywords

Mucoadhesion, Mucoadhesive System, Bioadhesion, Transmucosal, Transdermal, Bioavailability.

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