Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics

Chirag K. Patel ¹, B. Panigrahi ¹, R. Badmanaban ¹, C. N. Patel ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Arvind Baug, Mehsana-384001, Gujarat, IN

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by irregular protein formations in the brain leading to neuronal loss and ultimately affecting the patient's cognitive ability and memory. AD affects nearly 4.5 million Americans, and this number is expected to continue to rise. The pathological manifestations of AD occur in the neurons and are two-fold; the primary cause is the accumulation. β-amyloid (amyloid precursor protein) depositions, which aggregate into pathogenic plaques. The second is the accumulation of paired helical filaments that form into neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Amyloid precursor protein plaques result from the sequential cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β-secretase and γ-secretase. NFTs result from the hyperphosphorylation of tau, a stabilizing component of microtubules. Based on current understanding of the Amyloid precursor protein pathway, two major strategies will be discussed that aim at decreasing the deposition of Amyloid precursor protein plaques in the brain. In the first approach, non-streroidal anti-inflammatory drugs alter the APP cleavage site by β-secretase to produce less amyoidogenic plaques. A second method aims at inhibiting γ-secretase activity on APP through allosteric inhibition of ATP binding.

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R. Badmanaban ¹, C. N. Patel ², P. Devi ², D. J. Sen ¹, K. M. Modh ¹

Affiliations
1 Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Near Arvind Baug, Mehsana-384001, North Gujarat, IN
2 K.M. College of Pharmacy, Uthangudi, Melur Road, Madurai, Tamilnadu-625107, IN

Abstract

Pongamia pinnata and Boerhaavia diffusa are well-known plants and a weed respectively plays in Indian traditional system of medicine. On the basis of its traditional use and literature references, these herbal plants are undertaken in a view to formulate milder and safer herbal topical formulations. It is prepared in the form of "Thailam" using sesame oil as base for bringing about the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial drugs. To satisfy the desired characteristic of an ideal herbal formulation and also to prove its therapeutic potency, the following parameters like physical, chemical and biological evaluation have undertaken to fix the quality. For the antimicrobial studies strains used like S. aureus, B. substilis (Gram +ve), E. coli, P. aeruginosa (Gram-ve) and Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger (Fungi) were used. Antibacterial activity and antifungal activity of the formulated oil was comparatively lesser than that of the standard drug but formulated oil is significantly more than that of sesame oil base (**P<0.01). By using Carrageenin induced hind paw edema method the Anti inflammatory activity was employed and it was noticed that the Thailam had lesser activity than the standard Diclofenac sodium gel (**P<0.01). But significantly more than that of sesame oil base (*P < 0.05), the overall results revealed that it has effectiveness. In conclusion that the formulated oil in the form of Thailam as its own significant properties, hence it can be used as a safer formulation in near future.

Keywords

Formulated Oil (Thailam), Sesame Oil (Base), Carrageenin, Antimicrobial Strains.

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K. M. Modh ¹, I. S. Anand ¹, B. Panigrahi ¹, C. N. Patel ¹, R. Badmanaban ¹, M. V. Patel ²

Affiliations
1 Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Nr. Arvind Baug, Mehsana-384 001, Gujarat, IN
2 Visveswarapura Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NA, 24^th Main, 25^th Cross, BSK Stage II, Bangalore - 560 004 Karnataka, IN

Abstract

The effect of a aqueous extract of the ischolar_mains of Momordica cymbalaria Fenzl., (Cucurbitaceae) was evaluated with streptozotocin(65 mg/kg, i.p.) induced diabetic rats. Seventy-two hours after streptozotocin injection, the extract, at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg, was administered orally for 30 consecutive days. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and In-vitro peripheral glucose uptake studies were also measured during this course of experiment. The extract was found to be potent antidiabetic as evidenced by significant (p < 0.001) reduction of serum glucose level of diabetic rats on 30^th day by both the doses (maximal effect of 45.95% reduction of serum glucose level, at 500 mg/kg, p < 0.001). Results demonstrated a significant reduction of serum lipids (maximal effect of 50.23 and 31.89% reduction of cholesterol and triglyceride, respectively, at 500 mg/kg, p < 0.001) and elevation of liver glycogen level (maximal effect at 300 mg/kg, p < 0.05) in diabetic rats, comparable to that of standard antidiabetic glibenclamide at 500 μg/kg, p.o. In OGTT, the extract at different doses showed significant reduction in serum glucose level (p < 0.05) from 30 min. onwards. The extract also revealed increase in In-vitro model for peripheral glucose uptake (not statistically significant). Improvement of body weight profile was also observed in extract-treated diabetic rats.

Keywords

Momordica cymbalaria, Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes, Antihyperglycemic, Antidiabetic Effect.

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