Research Journal of Science and Technology

Gargi Pandey ¹, Sanjay Kumar ¹, V. K. Patle ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Studies in Computer Science and IT, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur (Chhattisgarh) 492010, IN

Abstract

Mobile Ad hoc network is self-organizing and adaptive in nature. The nodes are mobile and forming a dynamic temporary network without any use of existing network. The routing in mobile ad hoc network is a difficult task because nodes are dynamic. A routing protocol is used to find routes between mobile nodes to facilitate communication within the network. Route should be discovered and maintained with a minimum of overhead and bandwidth consumption. There are number of routing protocols were proposed for Mobile ad-hoc networks. In this paper analysis of performance evaluation of three different routing protocols i.e. Ad-hoc on demand distance vector routing protocol (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing Protocol (DSR) and Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV), which gives good performance for different parameters scenarios. And also highlights simulation based performance analysis of routing protocols on various metrics like overhead, end-to-end delay, Packet Delivery Fraction (PDF) etc by increasing the size of Network with variation in Pause Time for the same number of nodes. Network size and pause time affects the performance of selected protocols. DSDV gives good performance for small network size, but for large network size AODV performances good. End-to-end delay varies, but overhead and PDF is stable for all scenarios. Network Simulator (NS2) is used for this simulation work.

Keywords

MANET, AODV, DSDV, DSR, NS2 Simulator.

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V. K. Patle ¹, Aamir Hasan ¹, Sanjay Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Studies in Computer Science, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, IN

Abstract

Abstract- Mobile Ad hoc networks (MANET) are frequently changing network topology, using multi-hop wireless links without any fixed infrastructure. Reactive Routing is important for Ad hoc network in terms of resource, robustness and efficiency when mobility is high and links get disconnected frequently. Performance of three reactive routing protocols for mobile Ad hoc network including Ad hoc On-demand Multi path Distance Vector Routing (AOMDV), Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) is evaluated using Network Simulator (ns-2). Performance is evaluated with respect to fraction of packets delivered and end-to-end delay for Common Bit Rate (CBR) traffic model. Relative strength, weakness and applicability of each reactive routing protocol to different situations are studied and evaluated.

Keywords

Mobile Ad hoc Networks, Reactive Routing Protocols, AOMDV, AODV, DSR.

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Dhammpal Ramtake ¹, Sanjay Kumar ¹, Vinod Kumar Patle ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Study in Computer science & IT, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, (Chhattisgarh) 492010, IN

Abstract

MANET is infrastructure less and can be setup any time anywhere. All the layers of communication are coupled in power consumption and solutions addressing the power saving issue include transmission power control, power aware routing and low power modes at physical layer. At the network layer, routing protocol may balance power consumption at nodes according to their routing decision. In MANET the nodes are having battery power as node have less amount of battery resources and multi node routes are used over setup network environment due to node mobility, it requires energy efficient routing protocols to limit the power consumption. Proactive is Table Driven Routing Protocol and Reactive is an On Demand Routing Protocol. In this paper analysis the reactive, proactive routing protocols based on power effects and also identify the communication having long time duration and also analysis on different simulation environments and the TORA protocol which is having the less advantages on large area over the other routing protocols where we find out the energy reliable in network.

Keywords

MANET, Routing Protocols, Battery Power, MAC, Simulators.

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Rinki Kaur ¹, Sanjay Kumar ¹, V. K. Patle ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Studies in Computer Science & IT, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, (Chhattisgarh) 492010, IN

Abstract

During the time of migration from Internet Protocol Version4 to Internet Protocol Version6 network, a various number of transitions mechanism have been proposed to ensure smooth, stepwise and independent changeover. IPv6 was proposed by IETF (Internet Engineering Task force) as a replacement of IPv4 protocol. When IPv6 was applied in cellular network, need of some improved Protocols was felt in order to support the mobility and Quality Of Service of a node. IPv6 Tunneling is a process where an encapsulation technique is fairly simple in which outer IP header is added before the original IP header, between them any other headers for the path, such as security headers specific to the tunnel configuration. The outer IP header source and destination identify the "end points" of the tunnel. Tunneling has two types i.e. automatic and configured. Tunneling is applied in four way i.e. Host-to-Host, Host-to-Router, Router-to- Router, Router-to-Host. Analyze the Automatic and Configured Tunneling in all the four way of Tunneling. Automatic tunnel is not point-to-point; it is point-to-multipoint. Configured tunnel is Simple point-to-point tunnels that can be used within a site or between sites.

Keywords

MANET, IPv6, Automatic Tunneling, Configured Tunneling, Way of Tunneling.

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Kiran ¹, Sanjay Kumar ¹, V. K. Patle ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Studies in Computer Science & IT, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, (Chhattisgarh) 492010, IN

Abstract

MANET is a network with no fixed infrastructure. Routing is a greater challenge in these types of mobile networks due to the mobility and open media nature .The mobile ad hoc networks are more prone to security threats compared to the wired network. Therefore security needs are higher in mobile ad hoc networks compared to the traditional networks. Many types of problem are possible in mobile ad hoc networks such as selfish node problem .Selfish node is a node which can hold packet for using resources for their respective use. So for data security we want to send it through secure route, for that purpose we identify which node is cooperative and which one is selfish. Increasing of selfish node decreases the trust value of a node. If selfish node can be detected in a rout then one can abort that route and choose another safe route for data transfer. This paper analysis the selfish nodes problem in MANET with the help of network simulator and explore that the network performance is inversely proportional to no. of selfish node. After finding load on network route can be modify and network performance can be increased.

Keywords

MANET Trust Base Route, Selfish Node, Cooperative Node, Network Simulator.

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Deepak Prashar ¹, Sanjay Kumar ², Abhishek Chauhan ¹, Rahul Purohit ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manav Bharti University, Solan (H.P.), IN
2 Department of Economics, Govt. College Dharampur, Mandi (H.P.),, IN

Abstract

Porous tablets are solvent less disintegrating oral dosages form which is being widely accepted in the pharmaceutical world. Various conventional and patented techniques are available for the formulation of porous tablets. The economical aspects of the porous tablets along with its worldwide market is being studied and reviewed.

Keywords

Porous Tablets, Economical Aspects, Patented Techniques, World Market.

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Chandana Patnaik ¹, Sanjay Kumar ¹, V. K. Patle ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Studies in Computer Science and IT, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, IN

Abstract

Today, WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for microwave access) is one of the vibrating Broad Band wireless Technologies. Various modules have been considered in WiMAX. In this paper we have considered various Modulation Techniques of WiMax. We have discussed related works done for these modules. Different features of various modules have been given and then comparison of these modules has been done. At last conclusion and future works for these modules have been made.

Keywords

WiMAX, Modulation Techniques.

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