Research Journal of Topical and Cosmetic Sciences

Deepak S. Kshirsagar ¹, R. B. Saudagar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Quality Assurance Techniques, R. G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik-422213, Maharashtra, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R.G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik-422213, Maharashtra, IN

Abstract

Microspheres are characteristically free flowing powders consisting of proteins or synthetic polymers having a particle size ranging from 1-1000 μm. The range of Techniques for the preparation of microspheres offers a variety of opportunities to control aspects of drug administration and enhance the therapeutic efficacy of a given drug. There are various approaches in delivering a therapeutic substance to the target site in a sustained controlled release fashion. One such approach is using microspheres as carriers for drugs also known as microparticles. It is the reliable means to deliver the drug to the target site with specificity, if modified, and to maintain the desired concentration at the site of interest. Microspheres received much attention not only for prolonged release, but also for targeting of anticancer drugs. In future by combining various other strategies, microspheres will find the central place in novel drug delivery, particularly in diseased cell sorting, diagnostics, gene and genetic materials, safe, targeted and effective in vivo delivery and supplements as miniature versions of diseased organ and tissues in the body.

Keywords

Microspheres, Controlled Release, Therapeutic Efficacy, Novel Drug Delivery.

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D. B. Pandya ¹, D. M. Shinkar ¹, R. B. Saudagar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, KCT’s R.G.S. College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik-422213, Maharashtra, IN

Abstract

At present oral route is one of the most widely accepted route of drug administration, but owing to its drawbacks of low bioavailability as a result of hepatic first pass metabolism a new system was introduced for controlled delivery of drug. Transdermal drug delivery has been accepted as a potential non-invasive route of drug administration, with advantages of prolonged therapeutic action, decreased side effects, easy use and better patient compliance. Transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) involves drug transport to viable epidermal and/or dermal tissue of the skin for local therapeutic effect while a major fraction of drug is transported into systemic blood circulation. Transdermal patch is a medicated adhesive patch that is placed on the skin to deliver a specific dose of medication through the skin and into the bloodstream. An advantage over other routes is that the patch provides a controlled release of medication into the patient, usually through either a porous membrane covering a reservoir of medication or through body heat melting thin layers of medication embedded in the adhesive. The present review describes various types of Transdermal patches, permeation strategies, their methods of preparation, evaluation techniques and their future trends.

Keywords

Transdermal Drug Delivery System, Transdermal Patch.

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S. B. Gondkar ¹, Nikita S. Malekar ², R. B. Saudagar ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, R. G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjenari, Nashik-422213, Maharashtra, IN
2 Department of Quality Assurance Techniques, R. G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjenari, Nashik-422213, Maharashtra, IN
3 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R.G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjenari, Nashik-422213, Maharashtra, IN

Abstract

Niosomes or non ionic surfactant are microscopic lamellar structures which may be unilamellar or multilamellar. These are amphiphillic in nature, hence capable of entrapping both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs for their controlled delivery. Niosomes are formulated by hydration of the lipid by the aqueous phase which may be either single surfactant or a mixture of surfactant with cholesterol. Stability of niosomes is greater as compared with other novel drug delivery techniques. Niosomes are widely used for delivery of many drugs especially in treatment of life threatening diseases, site specific targeting can be achieved with niosomes, and they are also used in diagnostic imaging purpose. This study is based upon the recent advances by which niosomes can be formulated and their application in controlled and effective delivery of variousdrugs. Niosomes represent a promising drug delivery module. They present a structure similar to liposome and hence they can represent alternative vesicular systems with respect to liposomes, due to the niosome ability to encapsulate different type of drugs within their multi environmental structure. Niosomes are thoughts to be better candidate's drug delivery as compared to liposomes due to various factors like cost, stability etc. Various types of drug deliveries can be possible using niosomes like targeting, ophthalmic, topical, parenteral, etc.

Keywords

Niosomes, Drug Delivery, Routes of Administrations, Applications.

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Deepak Umalkar ¹, R. B. Saudagar ¹, Divya Patel ², K. S. Rajesh ²

Affiliations
1 R. G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Nashik, Maharashtra, IN
2 Parul Institute of Pharmacy, Vadodara, Gujarat, IN

Abstract

Isotretinoin (13-cis-Retinoic acid) is a poor water soluble drug, commonly used in the treatment of severe cases of acne. The aim of present work was to formulate isotretinoin in the form of transferosomal gel and sustain the drug release, enhance the drug availability at the site of action and minimize the side effects by the use of formulations containing Phospholipon 90 H and surfactant. The transfersomes were formulated by lipid film hydration technique using Rotary vacuum Evaporator. The prepared transfersomes were optimized for type and concentration of edge activator and converted into suitable gel formulation then it was evaluated for their characteristics. The prepared transferosomes were evaluated for Particle size, Size distribution, Deformability, % Entrapment efficiency and % Drug release kinetic modeling for 24 hrs. The excipients compatibility was performed by using Differential scanning calorimetry and it was found compatible with each other. The vesicular surface morphology was studied using Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Then gel was evaluated for characteristics like pH, viscosity and spreadability, skin irritation study and skin permeation study. The stability studies performed for 6 months at 4°C and room temperature as per ICH guideline. In vitro drug release studies showed desirable results based on linearity, the drug permeation data fit well to Higuchi equation plot (R2=0.943) indicating the diffusion rate limited drug permeation mechanism was found as Fickian diffusion. Transferosomal gel prepared showed all the desired properties and complied within the range of results.

Keywords

Isotretinoin, Transfersomes, DSC, Skin Irritation Study.

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V. Kadam Trupti ¹, S. Waghmare Sneha ¹, A. B. Darekar ¹, R. B. Saudagar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, R. G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik-422213, Maharashtra, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik-422213, Maharashtra, IN

Abstract

Aloe vera is a herb disseminated all through the world. Aloe vera is one of the plant animal varieties which have numerous uses to humanity. It has been broadly utilized for a long time as an option solution furthermore as a corrective item. Due to its restoring, calming and mending properties, it has been utilized for different therapeutic diseases like peptic ulcers, digestive issues, skin bothering and different skin sores. An examination of writing uncovered some eminent pharmacological exercises of the plant, for example, mitigating, antiviral and antitumor, anxiolytic, hostile to maturing impact, sterile, improve safe framework, hypoglycemic, cytotoxic, antiulcer and antidiabetic impacts, antibacterial impact, cell reinforcement, cardiovascular impact, wound healing, antioxidant, antiseptic. Aloe vera is one of the plant animal categories which has various uses to humanity. It has been broadly utilized for ages as an option drug furthermore as an issue item. Likewise, it has been discovered to be useful in oral issues like gingivitis and periodontitis and different parasitic and viral infections. However, the employments of this plant are well known to people since quite a while now, still its uses in dentistry are not broad. The survey here underlines the incredible criticalness of this ordinarily discovered plant.

Keywords

Aloe vera, Pharmacological Activities, Chemical Constituents.

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R. B. Saudagar ¹, P. A. Gangurde ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KCT’S R.G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nasik 422 213, Maharashtra, IN
2 Department of Quality Assurance and Techniques, KCT’s R.G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Tal. Trimbakeshwar, Dist. Nashik-422213, Maharashtra, IN

Abstract

The localized treatment of diseases of body tissues requires that the pharmaceutical active be maintained at the site of treatment for an effective period of time. Sweat, clothing, movements and getting washed away easily on contact with water are some of the problems that have limited the effectiveness and residence time of conventional topical formulations for treatment of fungal infections of skin. This necessitates longer treatment duration. Hence, a composition that adheres to skin surface afflicted and provides localized delivery of an antifungal agent is needed. The present work aims at designing a dosage form of Miconazole nitrate referred to as a ‘film-forming gel’ which on application forms a thin, transparent film on skin surface. Eudragit RS PO and hydroxypropyl cellulose were used in combination to provide a matrix film that would permit the release of the antifungal agent for a prolonged time. The formulations were prepared using 32 full factorial design. They were tested for drying time, drug release, antifungal activity, skin irritation and stability studies. The gel was characterised for pH, viscosity, drug content, effective dosage volume and mechanical properties of the film formed after application; water vapour permeability were also tested. All the formulations showed results within acceptable range for various tests. The optimized formulation showed drug release of 99.76% and antifungal activity in terms of efficacy as 98.78%. Such a formulation can be claimed to decrease duration of therapy, will be more accepted by the patients and be a breakthrough in treating fungal infections of the skin.

Keywords

Miconazole Nitrate; Fungal Skin Infections, Film-Forming Gel, Eudragit RS PO, Hydroxypropyl Cellulose.

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