SMU Medical Journal

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

Determination of Cyanide in Blood Using Differential Pulse Voltammetry


Affiliations
1 Dept. of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
2 Forensic Science Laboratory, Madhuban, Haryana, India
 

Cyanide is present in two major forms such as sodium cyanide (NaCN) and potassium cyanide (KCN) and is highly toxic. Cyanide is the inhibitor of cytochrome C oxidase. Most hazardous compound is hydrocyanic acid that can be inhaled as gas at ambient room temperature. Oral ingestion of cyanide in liquid and solid form i.e. 200 mg or inhalation of 270 ppm in air causes death within minutes. Cyanide in body fluid can be determined using spectrophotometric techniques which are very time consuming and requires lot of sample pre-treatment. An attempt has been made to develop the new method for determination cyanide in blood using Multi Mode electrode in differential pulse voltammetry. Blood was processed using microwave assisted closed vessel digestion using 35% nitric acid and ultrapure water. The buffer of pH 10.2 was used with a sweep rate of 0.01V/s and pulse amplitude 0.05V by HMDE by standard addition method. The solution was stirred during pre-electrolysis at 0.00 V for purge time of 300 seconds from 0.00V to -0.500V.

Keywords

Cyanide, Voltammetry, Dropping Mercury Electrode, Trace Metal Analyser, Differential Pulse etc.
User
Notifications
Font Size

  • http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01486.html accessed on 20 March 2016.

  • Nelson, David L., Cox, Michael M. (2000) Lehniger Principles of Biochemistry (3rd ed.). New York: Worth Publishers. P. 668-676.

  • Biller Jose. (2007) Interface of neurology and internal medicine (illustrated ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. P. 939.

  • Rubo Andreas, Kellens Raf, Reddy Jay, Steier Norbert and Hasenpusch Wolfgang (2006) "Alkali metal cyanides".Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry.

  • Taylorson R and Hendricks SB. (2007) "Promotion of Seed Germination by Cyanide". Plant Physiol. 52 (1), 23–27.

  • Mullick P and Chatterji UN. (1967) Effect of sodium cyanide on germination of two leguminous seeds. Plant Systematics and Evolution. 114, 88–91.

  • Bender David A and Bender Arnold Eric. (1997) Benders’ dictionary of Nutrition and food technology (7 ed.). Woodhead Publishing.P.346.

  • Takano R. (1916) "The treatment of leprosy with cyanocuprol". The Journal of Experimental Medicine . 24 (2), 207–211.

  • https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp8-c7.pdf accessed on 15 march 2016.

  • http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/814287-treatment accessed on 26 march 2016.

  • Chaudhary M and Gupta R. (2012) "Cyanide Detoxifying Enzyme: Rhodanese" Current Biotechnology, 1, 327-335.


Abstract Views: 499

PDF Views: 216




  • Determination of Cyanide in Blood Using Differential Pulse Voltammetry

Abstract Views: 499  |  PDF Views: 216

Authors

A. K. Jaiswal
Dept. of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
Raj Kumar
Forensic Science Laboratory, Madhuban, Haryana, India
Anita Yadav
Dept. of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
Rajesh Kumar
Dept. of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
Tabin Millo
Dept. of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
S. K. Gupta
Dept. of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India

Abstract


Cyanide is present in two major forms such as sodium cyanide (NaCN) and potassium cyanide (KCN) and is highly toxic. Cyanide is the inhibitor of cytochrome C oxidase. Most hazardous compound is hydrocyanic acid that can be inhaled as gas at ambient room temperature. Oral ingestion of cyanide in liquid and solid form i.e. 200 mg or inhalation of 270 ppm in air causes death within minutes. Cyanide in body fluid can be determined using spectrophotometric techniques which are very time consuming and requires lot of sample pre-treatment. An attempt has been made to develop the new method for determination cyanide in blood using Multi Mode electrode in differential pulse voltammetry. Blood was processed using microwave assisted closed vessel digestion using 35% nitric acid and ultrapure water. The buffer of pH 10.2 was used with a sweep rate of 0.01V/s and pulse amplitude 0.05V by HMDE by standard addition method. The solution was stirred during pre-electrolysis at 0.00 V for purge time of 300 seconds from 0.00V to -0.500V.

Keywords


Cyanide, Voltammetry, Dropping Mercury Electrode, Trace Metal Analyser, Differential Pulse etc.

References