SMU Medical Journal

Reza Ranjbar ¹, Ali Naghoni ²

Affiliations
1 Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, IR
2 Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR

Abstract

Nalidixic acid resistance rate is increasing amongst S. enterica isolates worldwide. We described here an increase in nalidixic acid resistance among S. enterica isolates recovered in Tehran, in Iran. The study included all Salmonellaisolates recovered from clinical cases in Tehran, Iran during 2006 and 2009. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS.

One hundred thirty eight S. enterica isolates were collected; of those, 89 (64%) were resistant to nalidixic acid. The percentage of isolates resistant to nalidixic acid was 59% (19/32) in 2006, 64% (34/53) in 2007, and 67% (36/53) in 2008. The most common multidrug resistance phenotype amongst nalidixic acid-resistant isolates was resistance to doxycycline, kanamycin, neomycin, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline. We found nalidixic acid resistance is increasing amongst nontyphoidal S. enterica isolates in our study. Over the past 3 years, there has been a significant increase in the proportion of nalidixic acid resistant S. enterica. Continued surveillance of antimicrobial resistance among S. enterica is needed to mitigate the increasing prevalence of nalidixic acid resistance among Salmonella.

Keywords

Nalidixic Acid, Salmonella, Fluoroquinolone.

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Payam Behzadi ¹, Elham Behzadi ², Reza Ranjbar ¹

Affiliations
1 Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences,Tehran, IR
2 Microbiology department, Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e-Qods branch,Tehran, IR

Abstract

Problems: Dermatophyte fungi are keratinophilic pathogenic fungi which lead to superficial mycotic infection of dermatophytosis.

Experimental approach: Dermatophytosis refers to three main genera of Epidermophyton, Microsporum and Trichophyton which are distributed around the world. Therefore, the infection of Tinea (dermatophytosis) is one of the most important superficial infections worldwide. Dermatophytes may lead to acute or chronic diseases with high morbidity but not mortality.

Findings: The pattern of several forms of dermatophytoses are the same in Iran and worldwide. Today, there are two main diagnostic methods of traditional and advanced molecular techniques.

Conclusion: The rapidity, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of diagnostic methods are important parameters to have a definitive treatment. In this mini review we tried to have an overview of dermatophyte fungi, dermatophytosis, appropriate diagnostic methods and treatment.

Keywords

Dermatophytes, Epidermophyton, Microsporum, Trichophyton, Tinea.

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