Ultrasound Techniques for Characterizing Liquids.II.Survey of Single Frequency Methods

This paper focuses on acoustical methods for liquid measurements at a fixed frequency or in a small frequency band. Emphasis is particularly given to high-precision sound velocity measurements. Methods employing continuous waves and sharp pulses are discussed in detail. Related methods are also described briefly. The merits and limitations of the different methods of measurement are shown. Some examples of measurement applications are presented in order to indicate the favourable sensitivity of single methods and to reveal their extended usability in basic research and in manufacturing process.