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Soliman, Essam S.
- Prophylactic and Immune Modulatory Influences of Nigella sativa Linn. in Broilers Exposed to Biological Challenge
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Materials and Methods: A total of 250 1-day-old (ross) chicks were divided into 5 groups; four of which were supplemented with 1.4%, 2.8%, 4.2%, and 5.6% N. sativa Linn., respectively. The four supplemented groups were challenged with Escherichia coli O157:H7 1.5×108 at a 14th day old. A total of 1050 samples (150 serum, 150 swab, and 750 organ samples) were collected and examined.
Results: A highly significant increase (p˂0.01) in 5.6% N. sativa Linn. supplemented group in performance traits (body weight, weight gain, and performance index), biochemical parameters (proteinogram, liver enzymes, and creatinine), immunoglobulins concentration, and immune organs’ weight. Meanwhile, liver showed improvement of histoarchitecture without fibrosis. Heart showed a mild pericarditis with a mild degree of hydropic degeneration. Bursa, thymus, and spleen showed lymphoid hyperplasia.
Conclusion: A concentration of 5.6% N. sativa Linn. in broiler’s feed can improve the immune response and subsequent resistance of broilers against diseases.
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Animal Hygiene, Zoonosis and Animal Behavior, Suez Canal University, Ismailia-41522, EG
2 Department of Pathology, Suez Canal University, Ismailia-41522, EG
3 Department of Poultry and Rabbit Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia-41522, EG
1 Department of Animal Hygiene, Zoonosis and Animal Behavior, Suez Canal University, Ismailia-41522, EG
2 Department of Pathology, Suez Canal University, Ismailia-41522, EG
3 Department of Poultry and Rabbit Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia-41522, EG
Source
Veterinary World, Vol 10, No 12 (2017), Pagination: 1447-1455Abstract
Background and Aim: Prophylaxis and disease prevention is an essential strategy among biorisk management in poultry farms that stimulate and maintain the birds’ immunity. The aim of this study was to investigate the prophylactic, and immune-stimulant influence of Nigella sativa Linn. in broilers under biological stress.Materials and Methods: A total of 250 1-day-old (ross) chicks were divided into 5 groups; four of which were supplemented with 1.4%, 2.8%, 4.2%, and 5.6% N. sativa Linn., respectively. The four supplemented groups were challenged with Escherichia coli O157:H7 1.5×108 at a 14th day old. A total of 1050 samples (150 serum, 150 swab, and 750 organ samples) were collected and examined.
Results: A highly significant increase (p˂0.01) in 5.6% N. sativa Linn. supplemented group in performance traits (body weight, weight gain, and performance index), biochemical parameters (proteinogram, liver enzymes, and creatinine), immunoglobulins concentration, and immune organs’ weight. Meanwhile, liver showed improvement of histoarchitecture without fibrosis. Heart showed a mild pericarditis with a mild degree of hydropic degeneration. Bursa, thymus, and spleen showed lymphoid hyperplasia.
Conclusion: A concentration of 5.6% N. sativa Linn. in broiler’s feed can improve the immune response and subsequent resistance of broilers against diseases.
Keywords
Broiler, Escherichia coli, Histopathology, Nigella sativa Linn., Preventive.Full Text
- Influence of Microclimatic Ammonia Levels on Productive Performance of Different Broilers’ Breeds Estimated With Univariate and Multivariate Approaches
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Materials and Methods: A total number of 400 air samples were collected and analyzed for ammonia levels during the experimental period. Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate statistical methods.
Results: Ammonia levels were significantly higher (p˂0.01) in the Ross compared to the Hubbard breed farm, although no significant differences (p>0.05) were found between the two farms in body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and performance index (PI) of broilers. Body weight; weight gain and PI had increased values (p˂0.01) during fall compared to winter irrespective of broiler breed. Ammonia emissions were positively (although weekly) correlated with the ambient relative humidity (r=0.383; p˂0.01), but not with the ambient temperature (r=−0.045; p>0.05). Test of significance of discriminant function analysis did not show a classification based on the studied traits suggesting that they cannot been used as predictor variables. The percentage of correct classification was 52% and it was improved after deletion of highly correlated traits to 57%.
Conclusion: The study revealed that broiler’s growth was negatively affected by increased microclimatic ammonia concentrations and recommended the analysis of broilers’ growth performance parameters data using multivariate discriminant function analysis.
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Animal Hygiene, Zoonosis & Animal Behavior, Suez Canal University, Ismailia-41522, EG
2 Department of Animal Wealth Development, Division of Biostatistics, Suez Canal University, Ismailia-41522, EG
3 Department of Animal Wealth Development, Division of Animal Production, Suez Canal University, Ismailia-41522, EG
1 Department of Animal Hygiene, Zoonosis & Animal Behavior, Suez Canal University, Ismailia-41522, EG
2 Department of Animal Wealth Development, Division of Biostatistics, Suez Canal University, Ismailia-41522, EG
3 Department of Animal Wealth Development, Division of Animal Production, Suez Canal University, Ismailia-41522, EG
Source
Veterinary World, Vol 10, No 8 (2017), Pagination: 880-887Abstract
Background and Aim: Birds litter contains unutilized nitrogen in the form of uric acid that is converted into ammonia; a fact that does not only affect poultry performance but also has a negative effect on people’s health around the farm and contributes in the environmental degradation. The influence of microclimatic ammonia emissions on Ross and Hubbard broilers reared in different housing systems at two consecutive seasons (fall and winter) was evaluated using a discriminant function analysis to differentiate between Ross and Hubbard breeds.Materials and Methods: A total number of 400 air samples were collected and analyzed for ammonia levels during the experimental period. Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate statistical methods.
Results: Ammonia levels were significantly higher (p˂0.01) in the Ross compared to the Hubbard breed farm, although no significant differences (p>0.05) were found between the two farms in body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and performance index (PI) of broilers. Body weight; weight gain and PI had increased values (p˂0.01) during fall compared to winter irrespective of broiler breed. Ammonia emissions were positively (although weekly) correlated with the ambient relative humidity (r=0.383; p˂0.01), but not with the ambient temperature (r=−0.045; p>0.05). Test of significance of discriminant function analysis did not show a classification based on the studied traits suggesting that they cannot been used as predictor variables. The percentage of correct classification was 52% and it was improved after deletion of highly correlated traits to 57%.
Conclusion: The study revealed that broiler’s growth was negatively affected by increased microclimatic ammonia concentrations and recommended the analysis of broilers’ growth performance parameters data using multivariate discriminant function analysis.
Keywords
Ammonia, Broiler, Discriminant Function Analysis, Growth Performance Parameters, Humidity, Temperature.Full Text