Veterinary World

I. N. Suartha ¹, G. A. A. Suartini ², I. W. Wirata ¹, N. M. A. R. K. Dewi ³, G. N. N. Putra ³, G. A. Y. Kencana ⁴, G. N. Mahardika ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Internal Medicine, Animal Hospital, Udayana University, Jl. Sesetan-Markisa 6, Denpasar 80226, Bali, ID
2 Department of Biochemistry, Udayana University, Jl. Sudirman, Denpasar 80225, Bali, ID
3 Department of Animal Biomedical and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Udayana University, Jl. Sesetan-Markisa 6, Denpasar 80226, Bali, ID
4 Department of Virology, Udayana University, Jl. Sudirman, Denpasar 80225, Bali, ID

Abstract

Aim: The need for non-parenteral administration of inactivated avian influenza virus of H5N1 subtype (AIV-H5N1) vaccine is paramount. Here, we provide preliminary data on the immune response of chicken and mice after intranasal administration of AIV-H5N1-inactivated vaccine with ISCOMS, Inmunair (INM), and combined ISCOMS and INM as an adjuvant.

Materials and Methods: The AIV isolate of A/Chicken/Denpasar/01/2004 (H5N1) was cultivated in specific pathogen-free chicken eggs and inactivated with formaldehyde. The vaccine preparation was added with those adjuvants for intranasal administration and aluminum hydroxide for subcutaneous injection. The chicken and mouse were vaccinated at the age of 3 weeks or 1 month and repeated 2 weeks thereafter. In one experiment, chicken was injected with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) at the same time with AIV vaccine. The sera were collected at one (serum 1) and 2 w (serum 2) after booster vaccination. The anti-AIV-H5 and NDV antibodies in chicken sera were detected using hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay. Mouse IgG anti-AIV-H5N1 antibody was detected using ELISA.

Results: The result shows that the geometric mean titers (GMTs) of chicken sera of intranasal vaccinated with inactivated AIV-H5N1 vaccine with mixed ISCOM- INM as adjuvant were <2^0.0 and 2^2.7 unit HI-unit (HIU) in serum 1 and serum 2, respectively. The GMTs of the positive control group were 2^3.7 and 2^5.7 HIU in serum 1 and serum 2, respectively. The result of the second experiment shows that IgG anti-AIV-H5N1 was detected in mouse sera. In the third experiment, the GMTs of anti-NDV in chicken vaccinated subsequently with inactivated NDV vaccine and AIV-H5N1 with mixed ISCOMS-INM administrated intranasally and aluminum hydroxide adjuvant administrated through subcutaneous injection as well as positive control group receiving NDV vaccine only were 2^8.0, 2^8.0, and 2^7.4 HIU in serum 1 while were 2^9.6, 2^9.2, and 2^8.2 HIU in serum 2, respectively.

Conclusion: Intranasal administration of inactivated AIV-H5N1 vaccine-induced a systemic immune response in chicken and mice after adding ISCOMS and/or INM as adjuvants. The adjuvant and the intranasal administration caused no immunosuppressive effect on the chicken immune response to NDV vaccine.

Keywords

Inactivated Vaccine, Influenza-H5N1, ISCOMS, Inmunair, Intranasal.

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N. K. Suwiti ¹, I. N. K. Besung ², G. N. Mahardika ³

Affiliations
1 Bali Cattle Research Center, Udayana University, Jl. Sudirman, Denpasar-80226, Bali, ID
2 Department of Bacteriology, Udayana University, Jl. Sudirman, Denpasar-80226, Bali, ID
3 Department of Animal Biomedical and Molecular Biology, Udayana University, Jl. Sudirman, Denpasar-80226, Bali, ID

Abstract

Aim: Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) are an Indonesian’s native cattle breed that distributed in Asia to Australia. The scientific literature on these cattle is scarce. The growth hormone (GH) of Bali cattle is investigated from three separated islands, namely, Bali, Nusa Penida, and Sumbawa.
Materials and Methods: Forty plasma samples were collected from each island, and the GH was measured using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. The data were analyzed based on the origin, sex, and cattle raising practices.
Results: We found that the GH level (bovine GH [BGH]) of animal kept in stall 1.72±0.70 μg/ml was higher than free-grazing animal 1.27±0.81 μg/ml. The GH level was lower in female (1.22±0.62 μg/ml) compared to male animals (1.77±0.83 μg/ml).
Conclusion: We conclude that the level of BGH in Bali cattle was low and statistically equal from all origins. The different level was related to sex and management practices. Further validation is needed through observing the growth rate following BGH administration and discovering the inbreeding coefficient of the animal in Indonesia.

Keywords

Bali Cattle, Growth Hormone, Indonesia.

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