Veterinary World

V. Beena ¹, R. V. S. Pawaiya ¹, K. Gururaj ¹, D. D. Singh ¹, A. K. Mishra ¹, N. K. Gangwar ¹, V. K. Gupta ², R. Singh ³, A. K. Sharma ³, M. Karikalan ³, Ashok Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Animal Health, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Farah, Mathura-281122, Uttar Pradesh, IN
2 Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis (CADRAD), ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243122, Uttar Pradesh, IN
3 Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243122, Uttar Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the molecular etiopathology of occurrence of reproductive diseases in female goats. Reproductive diseases in goats account for major economic losses to goat farmers in terms of valuable loss of offspring and animal productivity.
Materials and Methods: A total of 660 female genitalia were examined for pathological conditions (macroscopic and microscopic lesions). The etiopathological study was carried out for the presence of pathogenic organisms such as Brucella, Chlamydia, and Campylobacter in the uterus and ovary. Based on the microscopic lesions, suspected samples were subjected to diagnostic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for various etiological agents employing 16srRNA genus specific primers for Campylobacter and Chlamydophila and OMP31 gene-based PCR for Brucella melitensis and nested PCR using ITS-1 gene primers for Toxoplasma gondii. For Brucella suspected samples, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was also performed.
Results: In studied female genitalia, 108 (16.30%) showed gross abnormalities with overall 23.32% occurrence of pathological conditions (macroscopic and microscopic lesions). Pathological involvement of the uterus was the highest 68 (62.96%), followed by the ovaries 27 (25%) and other organs. Major uterine condition observed was endometritis (5.60%). In uterine infections, 35 (5.30%) samples were found positive for Campylobacter spp., 12 (1.81%) samples for B. melitensis, and 3 (0.45%) samples were positive for Chlamydophila spp. Among the samples positive for B. melitensis by PCR, 3 were found positive by IHC also. Corynebacterium ovis was detected by PCR using specific primers in a case of hydrosalpinx. It was concluded that many pathological lesions in female genitalia of functional significance play a major role in infertility in goats.
Conclusion: The present study concluded that many pathological lesions in female genitalia of functional significance play a major role in infertility in goats.

Keywords

Brucella melitensis, Campylobacter Spp., Chlamydophila Spp., Corynebacterium ovis, Etiopathology, Female Genitalia, Goat, Ovary, Reproductive Diseases, Uterus.

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S. Mahmood ¹, A. Kumar ², R. Singh ³, M. Sarkar ⁴, G. Singh ⁴, M. R. Verma ⁵, G. V. P. P. S. R. Kumar ⁶

Affiliations
1 Division of Animal Reproduction, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izzatnagar-243122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, IN
2 Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izzatnagar-243122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, IN
3 Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izzatnagar-243122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, IN
4 Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izzatnagar-243122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, IN
5 Division of Livestock Economics and Statistics, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izzatnagar-243122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, IN
6 Division of Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izzatnagar-243122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of scrotal circumference (SC) with plasma testosterone, seminal vesicles (SVs) weight, and its secretion as measurable indicators of fertility and also to sequence and establish phylogenetic relatedness of certain SV protein genes with other species as such integrated approach is lacking.

Materials and Methods: Altogether, 59 apparently healthy male buffaloes sacrificed at slaughterhouse were selected (irrespective of breed) for measuring SC and collecting blood and paired SVs. The SC was measured at greater curvature using soft thread. In the present study, blood plasma testosterone, cholesterol, protein, and glucose in addition to SV fructose, citric acid and proteins in SV fluid were also estimated. The SV tissue was fixed in RNA later for RNA extraction.Male buffaloes were categorized as per total SV weight into Group I (<5.0 g), Group II (5.0-7.84 g), and Group III (>8.0 g) and dentitions-I (≤18 months), II (18-24 months), and III (≥24 months) to assess the effect of weight and dentition age on SC, SV weight, and its certain secretions. Data were analyzed using linear model procedure including Tukey HSD test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Variance inflation and condition index were also used to assess multicollinearity.

Results: Gross and histomorphological evaluation of SVs did not show any abnormality. Macronutrients (plasma protein, glucose, and cholesterol) showed non-significant (p>0.05) variation between groups. The SC and SV weight varied significantly (p<0.05) with a significant positive relationship with plasma testosterone, SV protein, fructose, and citric acid. In addition, testosterone concentration also showed increasing trend from Groups I to III but increased significantly (p<0.05) from Group II to III with positive and significant correlations with SV protein, fructose, and citric acid similar to SV weight and SC. Binders of sperm protein (BSP1, 3, and 5) genes (full length) were sequenced and established an evolutionary relationship which is lacking in buffalo.

Conclusion: The present findings established a significant positive correlation of SC with that of other fertility parameters related to SVs weight and its secretions: Fructose, citric acid, and protein (inclusive of BSPs sequenced full length), and testosterone. Therefore, the present integrated approach along with certain semen quality attributes reflecting epididymis function could be used as a predictive fertility marker for grading and selection of breeding bulls and their progenies to develop outstanding bull mother farm.

Keywords

Male Buffalo, Morphology, Scrotal Circumference, Seminal Vesicles, Sequencing, Testosterone.

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