Arthshastra Indian Journal of Economics & Research https://i-scholar.in/index.php/aijear Arthshastra Indian Journal of Economics &amp; Research (indexed in Indian Citation Index, Google Scholar, among others) a double blind peer reviewed refereed journal aims at the dissemination and advancement of research in all areas of Economics. The aim of the Journal is to provide a scholastic platform to professionals, researchers, and academicians associated with the field of Economics all over the world in which research in alternative paradigms for Economics could be presented and debated. It also aims to promote interdisciplinary studies over the issues of theoretical, practical, and historical importance in dealing with problems in Economics, and disseminate papers that have practical implications for public policy, business policy, or individual decision making. en-US editor@indianjournalofeconomicsandresearch.com (Satya Gilani) ijm.meenakshi77@gmail.com (Meenakshi Sawhney) Mon, 05 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0000 OJS 2.4.2.0 http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss 60 Socioeconomic Conditions of Migrants and Non-Migrants in Haryana https://i-scholar.in/index.php/aijear/article/view/222524 <p><strong>Purpose :</strong> Internal migration is considered an essential factor that significantly affects the origin and destination areas in varying degrees depending upon the employment situation in the destination region and the characteristics of migrants themselves. Haryana has the highest per-capita income among the major states in India and witnessed increased mobility over the years due to its advanced agricultural base, highly developed industrial sector, and proximity to the National Capital Region. Therefore, the present study examined the socioeconomic conditions of migrants and non-migrants in Haryana.</p><p><strong>Methodology :</strong> The study is based on secondary as well as primary data. The survey was conducted in four districts randomly selected in the state. A total of 509 households were surveyed from June 2021–February 2022. A detailed questionnaire was used to collect information about the socioeconomic conditions of the migrants and non-migrants. The collected data were analyzed using appropriate statistical techniques.</p><p><strong>Findings :</strong> The results suggested that most migrants were male heads of households who moved for work/employment to provide better living conditions. There were wide variations among inter-state and intra-state migrants. The level of education was significantly lower among inter-state migrants compared to non-migrants and intra-state migrants. Most inter-state migrants’ heads of households were illiterate or literate up to the middle, employed as daily wage casual laborers working in the informal sector, and living in precarious conditions. Such workers generally suffered from low earnings, lack of stability, and durability of employment. The average monthly household income and expenditure of the inter-state migrant household were lower than that of the non-migrants. The reason for low per capita household consumption among inter-state migrant families was that some portion of their relatively low income was also repatriated to the point of origin.</p><p><strong>Practical Implications :</strong> The findings highlighted that inter-state migration plays an important role in developing the state’s economy by providing cheap and flexible labor ready to take up any work.</p><p><strong>Originality :</strong> This is the only study that attempted to examine the socioeconomic conditions of migrants in various districts of Haryana and their comparison with non-migrants.</p> Manvi Khurana, Jatinder S. Bedi https://i-scholar.in/index.php/aijear/article/view/222524 Wed, 01 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0000 The Growth Effect of Government Expenditure in Jammu & Kashmir https://i-scholar.in/index.php/aijear/article/view/222525 <p><strong>Purpose :</strong> The paper examined the growth impact of aggregate government expenditure and its various components in Jammu &amp; Kashmir using time series data from 1981–2020. At the disintegrated level, the study assessed the growth impact of government expenditure on three different types of services, namely, economic, social, and general.</p><p><strong>Methodology :</strong> The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) or bounds cointegration technique was used to explore the long-run relationship (cointegration) between total government expenditure and economic growth. The growth impact of government expenditure on economic, social, and general services was investigated using the regression model.</p><p><strong>Findings :</strong> The study found a cointegrating relationship between aggregate government expenditure and economic growth in the erstwhile state of Jammu &amp; Kashmir. The ARDL estimates showed that total government expenditure impacted Jammu &amp; Kashmir’s economic growth positively and significantly in the short and long run. Furthermore, the estimated regression coefficients revealed that government expenditure on social services impacted economic growth positively and significantly. In contrast, government expenditure on economic and general services had a negative but insignificant growth impact.</p><p><strong>Practical Implications :</strong> The study’s findings would assist the policymakers in prioritizing Jammu &amp; Kashmir’s limited resources for developing sectors with the potential to raise economic growth. The study recommended that government expenditure on social services should be increased to enhance growth in the erstwhile state of Jammu &amp; Kashmir. A compositional change in government expenditure favoring social services from general and economic services would stimulate economic growth in the former state of Jammu &amp; Kashmir. The study’s main limitation is that the other potential growth determinants were not considered explanatory/control variables.</p><p><strong>Originality :</strong> The study provided empirical evidence of the growth effect of total government expenditure and its various types in one of India’s least developed, slow-growing, and resource-deficit states (now Union Territory). To the best of my knowledge, the growth impact of government expenditure on three different types of services (economic, social, and general) were not investigated empirically in Jammu &amp; Kashmir for the period from 1981–2020. The study contributed to the scant empirical literature on the growth impact of government expenditure at the sub-national (state level).</p> Tasleem Araf Cash https://i-scholar.in/index.php/aijear/article/view/222525 Wed, 01 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Economic Analysis of Non-Timber Forest Products with Reference to the Tribal Entrepreneurs in Jharkhand https://i-scholar.in/index.php/aijear/article/view/222526 <p><strong>Purpose :</strong> The present study aimed to analyze the economic benefits earned from the non-timber forest products (NTFPs) such as sal leaf, mahua flower, tamarind, lac, siali leaf, and chironji seeds by the tribal entrepreneurs of West Singhbhum district of Jharkhand.</p><p><strong>Methodology :</strong> The present study was conducted in the West Singhbhum district of Jharkhand ; 272 samples were collected from the tribal entrepreneurs of six villages, Bila, Baraebir, Bara, Dewanbir, Gobindpur, and Bhalurangi, consisting of two blocks, Goilkera and Sonua. We asked the respondents about what forest resources they depended on, the use of products, the time of collection, and the earnings throughout the year.</p><p><strong>Findings :</strong> Collection, processing, and selling of NTFPs are the prime activities tribal entrepreneurs do to generate income. Tribal entrepreneurs are more dependent on the NTFPs as there is an enormous increase in the annual household income, which leads to improved socioeconomic conditions and poverty alleviation.</p><p><strong>Practical </strong><strong>Implications :</strong> Policy should be made towards implementing conducive and supportive schemes for the marketing and business processes of the NTFP products.</p><p><strong>Originality :</strong> The majority of tribes of Jharkhand are dependent on the NTFPs for their livelihood development. The study is novel as literature lacks on NTFP products and their economic analysis.</p> Jogeswar Mahato, Kumar Gaurav https://i-scholar.in/index.php/aijear/article/view/222526 Wed, 01 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Impact of GST on the Sales of BSE-Listed Hotel and Tourism Companies https://i-scholar.in/index.php/aijear/article/view/222527 <p><strong>Purpose :</strong> The purpose of this study was to find out whether the Goods and Services Tax caused a considerable difference in the net sales of hotel and tourism companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange individually and of the industry as a whole.</p><p><strong>Methodology :</strong> The independent variable used in this study is the Goods and Services Tax, and the dependent variable is the net sales of hotel and tourism companies. We selected the 34 hotels and tourism companies bearing the Bombay Stock Exchange scrip code, and data regarding the scrip code of companies and their net sales were collected from Prowess IQ. We used the technique of independent and dependent t-tests to complete this study.</p><p><strong>Findings :</strong> The analysis of the study showed that the net sales of six companies among the selected 34 companies of the study and the net sales of the industry as a whole were significantly affected by the implementation of the Goods and Services Tax.</p><p><strong>Practical</strong> <strong>Implications :</strong> This study will benefit businessmen, government policymakers, and stock market investors and guide them in the direction of their investment in this industry.</p><p><strong>Originality :</strong> Unlike prior research, this research focused on how the net sales of hotel and tourism companies reacted to the enactment of the Goods and Services Tax in India.</p> Shivani Gupta, Divya Saini, Priti Sharma, Karambir Gulia https://i-scholar.in/index.php/aijear/article/view/222527 Wed, 01 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0000