Indian Journal of Drugs and Diseases

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

Effects of Garlic Extract on Cadmium-induced Toxicity in Wistar Albino Rat


Affiliations
1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port-Harcourt
 

The effect of garlic extract on cadmium-induced toxicity in wistar albino rats was examined. The administration of cadmium reduced the total body weight of rats by 3.16% after one-week treatment with 15mg/kg bwt/day. Cotreatment for another 2 weeks with 15mg/kg bwt/day + 0.5ml/100g bwt/day (CdGa) and 15mg/kg bwt/day + 1ml/100g bwt/day (CdGaGa) considerably increased the total body weight of the rats. Cadmium administration increases the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels; reduced reduced-glutathione and catalase activities in kidneys of rats considerably compared the control. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and bone calcium levels were significantly(p±0.05) decreased by the administration of cadmium. The toxic effect caused by the administration of cadmium was shown to be ameliorated by garlic resulting to the reduction of the physiological effects mentioned above. Therefore, the result showed that adequate doses of garlic extract will alleviate the biochemical alterations in kidneys and bones.

Keywords

Garlic, Cadmium, Alkaline Phosphatise and Malondialdehyde
User
Notifications

  • Abdulaziz A, Al-khediary, Salman, A, Al-Rokaya Fahad, A and Al-Misred (2001). Cadmium toxicity and Cell Response. J. Sci.1(1), 39-43.

  • Akesson A (2005) Tubular and glomerular kidney effects in Swedis women with low environmental cadmium exposure. Environ. Health Perr. Pect. 133,11.

  • Aoshima k and Fan J (2003) Assessment of bone metabolism in cadmium-induced renal tubular dysfunction by measurements of biochemical markers. Toxicol. Lett. 136, 183-192.

  • Asagba SO, Eriyamremu GE, Adaikpoh MA and Ezeoma A (2004) Level of lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, and Na+/K+-ATPase in some tissues of rats exposed to a Nigeria –like diet and cadmium. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 100(1), 75-86.

  • Augusti KT and Sheela CG (1996) Antiperoxide effect of S-allyl cysteine sulfoxide, insulinsecretogogue, in diabetic rats. Experitia. 52, 115- 120.

  • Broska MM and Moniuszko - Jakoniuk J (2005) Bone metabolism of male rats chronically exposed to cadmium. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 207(3), 195- 211.

  • Campos KE, Diniz YS and Cataneo AC (2003) Hypoglycaemic and antioxidant effects of onions, Alluim cepa, diatary onion addition, antioxidant activity and hypoglycaemic effects on diabetic rats. Int. J. Food Sci. Nut. 54(3), 241-246.

  • Chalkley SR, Raymond J and Barltrop D (1998) .Measures of vitamin D3 metabolites in smelter workers exposed to cadmium. Occup. Environ. Med. 55, 446-452.

  • Choi JH and Rhee IK (2003) Action of green tea catechin on bone metabolic disorders in chronic cadmium- poisoned rats. Life Sci. 73, 1479-1489.

  • Diplock AR, Charlexic JB and Crozier-Willi G (1998) Functional food science and defence against reactive oxidative species. Br. J. Nutr. 80 (Suppl. 1), S77- S112.

  • Donaldson MS (2004) Nutrition and cancer: A review of the evidence for an anti-cancer diet. Nutr. J. 3(19), 1-21.

  • Dorcsch H and Wagner H (1991) New antiasthmatic drugs from traditional medicine. Int. Arch Allergy Appl. Immunol. 94,262-265.

  • Ferrari M (2000) Protection against oxidative damage of erythrocyte membrane by the flavoniod quercetin and its relation to iron chelating activity. Free Radic. Biol .Med. 29, 3-4.

  • Filho JL (2000) Effect of a-tocopherol in superoxide radical and toxicity of cadmium exposure. Int. J. Envrion. Health Res. 16 (2), 125-134.

  • Gill KD (1990) Perturbation in lipid peroxidation and antioxidation enzymes on cadmium exposure to growing rats. J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. 3(2), 79-89.

  • Hsing AW and Chokkalingam AP (2002) Allium vegetables and risk of prostate cancer: a populationbased study. J. Natl. cancer Inst. 94(21), 1648-1651.

  • Ishihara T (2001) Association between cadmium in rice and mortality in the Jinzu River Basin, Japan. Toxicol. 163(1), 23 -28.

  • Jarup L (2002) Cadmium overload and toxicity, Nephro Dail Transplant 17 (Suppl 2).pp: 35-39.

  • Kumari K and Augusti KT (2002) Antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of S-methyl cystiene sulfoxide isolated from onions (Alluim cepa Linn) as compared to standard drugs in alloxan diabetic rats. Indian J. Exp. Biol, 40, 1005-1009.

  • Lachiman J and Pronek D (2003) Total polyphenol and main flavonoid antioxidants in different onion (Allium capa L.) varieties. Hort. Sci. (Pragne). 30(4), 142-147.

  • Lampe JW (1999) Health effects of vegetables and fruit assessing mechanisms of action human experimental studies. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 700 (Suppl.), 475S-490S.

  • Matthew BC, Prasad NV and Prabodh R (2001) Cholesterol-lowering effect of organosulphur compounds from garlic: a possible mechanism of action Lipids. 36(4) 395-400

  • Maties MI and Freedman JH (2001) Protective effects of aspirin and vitamin E against copper and cadmium-induced toxicity. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 285(4), 921-925.

  • Morales AI, Cesa Vincete-Sanchez and Mirjana J (2006) Effect of guercetin on metallothionein, nitric oxide synthases and cyclooxygenase-2 expression on experimental chronic cadmium nephrotoxicity in rats. Toxicol & Appli. Pharmacol. 210,128-135.

  • Ohta H and Yamauchi Y (2000) Relationship between renal dysfunction and bone metabolism disorder in male rats after long-term oral quantitative cadmium administration Ind- Health 38: 339 -355.

  • Prior RL (2003) Fruits and vegetables in the prevention of cellular oxidative damage. Am. J. Clin Nutr. 78 (3) 570s -578s.

  • Satarug S and Moore MR (2004) Adverse health effects of chronic exposure to low - level cadmium in foodstuffs and cigarette smoke. Environ. health Perspect. 112, 1099 -1103.

  • Shaikh ZA and Tang W (1999) Protection against chronic cadmium toxicity by glycine. Toxicol. 132, 139-146.

  • Singhal RK, Anderson ME and Meister A (1987) Glutathione a first fine of defence against cadmium toxicity. FASEB J.1, 220 -223.

  • Spector A (1995) Oxidative stress- Induces Cataract: Mechanism of Action. FASEB J. 9,1173-1182.

  • Susan AN (2000) Dietary influences on bone mass and bone metabolism: further evidence of a positive link between fruit and vegetable consumption and bone health. Am. J. Clin Nutr. 71, 142 -151.

  • Welti HA and Brenneisen R (2005) A gamma Glutamyl peptide isolated from onion (Allium cepa L) by bioassay-Guided fractionation inhibits resorption activity of osteoblasts. J. Agri. Food Chem. 53(9), 3408-3414.

  • World Health Organization (1992) Environmental health criteria 124, Cadmium, International program on Chemical Safety (IPCS) WHO, Geneva


Abstract Views: 390

PDF Views: 447




  • Effects of Garlic Extract on Cadmium-induced Toxicity in Wistar Albino Rat

Abstract Views: 390  |  PDF Views: 447

Authors

Tonkiri Ayakeme
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port-Harcourt
G. O. Ibeh
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port-Harcourt
M. N. Nwinuka
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port-Harcourt
N. C. Nwachoko
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port-Harcourt

Abstract


The effect of garlic extract on cadmium-induced toxicity in wistar albino rats was examined. The administration of cadmium reduced the total body weight of rats by 3.16% after one-week treatment with 15mg/kg bwt/day. Cotreatment for another 2 weeks with 15mg/kg bwt/day + 0.5ml/100g bwt/day (CdGa) and 15mg/kg bwt/day + 1ml/100g bwt/day (CdGaGa) considerably increased the total body weight of the rats. Cadmium administration increases the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels; reduced reduced-glutathione and catalase activities in kidneys of rats considerably compared the control. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and bone calcium levels were significantly(p±0.05) decreased by the administration of cadmium. The toxic effect caused by the administration of cadmium was shown to be ameliorated by garlic resulting to the reduction of the physiological effects mentioned above. Therefore, the result showed that adequate doses of garlic extract will alleviate the biochemical alterations in kidneys and bones.

Keywords


Garlic, Cadmium, Alkaline Phosphatise and Malondialdehyde

References