Indian Journal of Engineering & Materials Sciences

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

Assessment of Radioactivity in Textile Sludge Incorporated Bricks


Affiliations
1 Department of Civil Engineering, M.I.E.T. Engineering College, Tiruchirappalli 620 007, India
2 Department of Civil Engineering, CARE College of Engineering, Tiruchirappalli 620 009, India
3 School of Civil Engineering, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur 613 401, India
 

Textile sludge generated from the textile industry is potentially reused in manufacturing bricks. Radiological hazard to the environment while using any kind of new material in the construction industry needs to be predicted to ensure its safety for domestic use. This paper reports the effect of radiation from textile sludge-incorporated bricks. Primordial radionuclides such as Uranium- 238 (238U), Thorium- 232 (232Th), and Potassium- 40 (40K)., are present in raw materials used in the manufacturing of various building materials. In the present investigation, textile sludge-incorporated bricks were studied. It was observed that the content of 238U was less than 20.6 Bq/kg (Becquerel per kg), 232Th was less than 38.3 Bq/kg, and 40K less than 168 Bq/kg compared to the permissible limit of 32 Bq/kg, 45 Bq/kg and 420 Bq/kg respectively, as prescribed by UNSCEAR (United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation). The activity concentration of primordial radionuclides ranged between 48 Ba/kg to 88 Ba/kg, which was also well below the permissible limit of 370 Bq/kg. Parameters like internal and external hazards index, radium equivalent activity (Raeq), annual effective dose rates, and absorbed dose rates were investigated. The results of all these parameters obtained for sludge-incorporated bricks were found to be less than unity, the permissible limit declared by the UNSCEAR. The study concludes that the sludge-incorporated bricks do not pose any radiation hazard and are suitable for use as construction material.

Keywords

Bricks, Building Materials, Gamma Radiation Radioactivity, Radiological Hazard, Textile Sludge Waste.
User
Notifications
Font Size

  • Velumani P, Senthil Kumar S, & Premalatha P V, J Test Eva, 44 (6) (2015) 20140508.

  • Shathika S B B, Gandhimathi R, Ramesh S T, & Nidheesh P V,J Mater Cycles Waste, 15(4) (2013) 564.

  • Kadir A B A, Rahim A S B A, & Jamil H H B, Adv Mat Res, 1025-1026 (2014) 117.

  • Singh S K, Kulkarni S, Kumar V, & Vashistha P, J Clean Prod, 204 (2018) 321.

  • Beshah D A, Tiruye G A, & Mekonnen Y S, Environ Sci Pollu R, 28(13) (2021) 16272.

  • Sisodia N, & Parmar M S, in Sustainable Approaches in Textiles and Fashion, edited by Muthu S S (Springer Nature Singapore Pvt Ltd., Singapore) 2022, 149.

  • IS 12894, Pulverised Fuel Ash-Lime Bricks- Specification, (2002).

  • Hameed S P, Pillai S G, Satheeshkumar G, & Jeevarenuka K, A study on radioactivity levels in sedimentary and igneous rocks used as building materials in and around Tiruchirappalli district, Tamil Nadu, India, presented at International Conference on Emerging Trends in Science, Engineering and Technology, Tiruchirappalli, India, 2012.

  • TurhanS, Demir K, & Karataslı M, Appl Radiat Isotopes, 141 (2018) 95.

  • UNSCEAR, Report on Summary of low-dose radiation effects on health, (2010).

  • Jeevarenuka K, Pillai G S, Hameed P S, & Mathiyarasu R, J Radioanal Nucl Ch, 302(1) (2014) 245.

  • Yesmin S, Barua S B, Uddin K M, Chowdhury T C M, Kamal M, Rashid M A, & Bradley D A, Radiat Phys Chem, 140 (2017) 98–102.

  • Ravisankar R, Raghu Y, Chandrasekaran A, Gandhi S M, Vijayagopal P, & Venkatraman B, J Geochem Explor, 163 (2016) 41.

  • Hameed P S, Pillai G S, Satheesh kumar G, & Mathiyarasu R, J Radioanal Nucl Ch, 300 (3) (2014) 1081.

  • Safarov A A, Safarov A N, Azimov A N, & Darby I G, J Environ Radioactive, 169-170, (2017) 186.

  • Darwish D A E, Abul-Nasr K T M, & El-Khayatt A M, J Radiat Res Appl Sci, 8 (1) (2015) 17.

  • Senthil kumar G, Raghu Y, Sivakumar S, Chandrasekaran A, Prem Anand D, & Ravisankar R, J Radiat Res Appl Sci, 7(1) (2014) 116.

  • Pillai S G, Hameed S P, & Khan M N S M, J Radioanal Nucl Ch, 307(2) (2015) 1265.

  • UNSCEAR, Report on Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation, (2008).

  • NTPC (National Thermal Power Corporation Limited), Guidelines for Manufacturing Quality Fly Ash Bricks, NTPC Limited, (2003) 58.

  • Senthil Kumar K, Premalatha P V, Baskar K, Pillai S G, & Hameed S P, J Test Eva, 46(2) (2017) 20160006.

  • UNSCEAR, Report on Ionizing Radiation, Sources, and Biological Effects, (1982).

  • Sroor A, Afifi S, Abdel-Haleem A, Salman A, & Abdel-Sammad M, Appl Radiat Isotopes, 57(3) (2002) 427.

  • UNSCEAR, Sources and Effect of Ionizing Radiation; Report to the General Assembly, with Scientific Annexes, (2000).


Abstract Views: 85

PDF Views: 69




  • Assessment of Radioactivity in Textile Sludge Incorporated Bricks

Abstract Views: 85  |  PDF Views: 69

Authors

P V Premalatha
Department of Civil Engineering, M.I.E.T. Engineering College, Tiruchirappalli 620 007, India
L K Rex
Department of Civil Engineering, M.I.E.T. Engineering College, Tiruchirappalli 620 007, India
N Bharathkumar
Department of Civil Engineering, CARE College of Engineering, Tiruchirappalli 620 009, India
A Cyril Thomas
School of Civil Engineering, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur 613 401, India

Abstract


Textile sludge generated from the textile industry is potentially reused in manufacturing bricks. Radiological hazard to the environment while using any kind of new material in the construction industry needs to be predicted to ensure its safety for domestic use. This paper reports the effect of radiation from textile sludge-incorporated bricks. Primordial radionuclides such as Uranium- 238 (238U), Thorium- 232 (232Th), and Potassium- 40 (40K)., are present in raw materials used in the manufacturing of various building materials. In the present investigation, textile sludge-incorporated bricks were studied. It was observed that the content of 238U was less than 20.6 Bq/kg (Becquerel per kg), 232Th was less than 38.3 Bq/kg, and 40K less than 168 Bq/kg compared to the permissible limit of 32 Bq/kg, 45 Bq/kg and 420 Bq/kg respectively, as prescribed by UNSCEAR (United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation). The activity concentration of primordial radionuclides ranged between 48 Ba/kg to 88 Ba/kg, which was also well below the permissible limit of 370 Bq/kg. Parameters like internal and external hazards index, radium equivalent activity (Raeq), annual effective dose rates, and absorbed dose rates were investigated. The results of all these parameters obtained for sludge-incorporated bricks were found to be less than unity, the permissible limit declared by the UNSCEAR. The study concludes that the sludge-incorporated bricks do not pose any radiation hazard and are suitable for use as construction material.

Keywords


Bricks, Building Materials, Gamma Radiation Radioactivity, Radiological Hazard, Textile Sludge Waste.

References