Indian Journal of Engineering & Materials Sciences

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

Assessing the Flexural Characteristics of Geofoam using Digital Image Correlation Technique


Affiliations
1 Geotechnical Engineering Division, CSIR-Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi 110 025, India
2 Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110 016, India
 

Geofoam is a popular lightweight fill material block used for the construction of road embankments over soft subsoils. The uneven load distribution and excessive settlement over such embankments can lead to differential stress distribution, leading to the bending of thin geofoam blocks. The assessment of geofoam's ability to withstand bending stresses is commonly conducted by evaluating its flexural strength, which also serves as an indicator of its bond strength resistance. In the present study, flexural characteristics of geofoams of varying densities ranging from 15 kg/m3 to 30 kg/m3 are assessed experimentally. Subsequently, a statistical assessment is conducted to analyse the variations in flexural strength and modulus and their potential relationship with geofoam density. A non-contact full-field strain measurement during the test is conducted using 2D-digital image correlation (DIC). This facilitated the evaluation of strain distribution within the geofoam during the testing. The observed DIC strains at the outer fibre matched precisely with the physically measured strain, validating the analysis method. It is observed that irrespective of the geofoam density; the EPS cell collapse occurred at a constant true strain value, i.e., 17%. Furthermore, it is also noted that more than 55% of the sample area experiences tensile strain during failure, whereas 45% is subjected to compressive strain. It is also determined that the ratio of the area under compression to tension at failure exhibited an increase in correlation with the density of the geofoam.

Keywords

Bending, Digital image correlation, Expanded polystyrene (EPS), Modulus, True strain.
User
Notifications
Font Size

  • ASTM D6817, ASTM International, (2021)

  • Aabøe R, Bartlett S F, Duškov M, Frydenlund T E, Mandal J N, Negussey D, et al. Geofoam Blocks in Civil Engineering Applications. In: Arellano D, Özer AT, Bartlett S F, Vaslestad J, editors. 5th International Conference on Geofoam Blocks in Construction Applications. (Cham: Springer International Publishing, USA).

  • Puppala A J, Ruttanaporamakul P,. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 47 (2019) 295

  • Özer A T, Akinay E. C Geosynthetics International 2022.

  • Abdelrahman G, El Kamash W. American Society of Civil Engineers, (2014) 557.

  • Mohajerani A, Ashdown M, Abdihashi L, Nazem M, Construction and Building Materials, 157 (2017) 438.

  • ASTM 7180, ASTM International, (2021).

  • Wang C. Characterizing, testing, and modeling the mechanical properties of recycled-content expanded polystyrene-block geofoam, Ph D thesis, The University of Memphis, 2015.

  • Voiconi T, Linul E, Marşavina L, Sadowski T, Kneć M.. Solid State Phenomena, 216 (2014) 116.

  • Huang X, Negussey D.. Denver, Colorado, United States: American Society of Civil Engineers, (2007) 1.

  • Barker W, Alexander D. Determining the effective modulus of subgrade reaction for design of rigid airfield pavements having base layers. Technical Report No. ERDC/ GSL-TR- 12-20. US Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Centre (2012).

  • Beju Y Z, Mandal J N, Procedia Engineering. 189 (2017) 239.

  • Solomon A A, Hemalatha G, Structures, (2020) 204.

  • Wang C, Arellano D, American Society of Civil Engineers, (2014) 3506.

  • Munoz H, Taheri A, Chanda E K, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 49 (2016) 2541.

  • Bu J, Chen X, Hu L, Yang H, Liu S, International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, 14 (2020).

  • Chai J, Liu Y, Ouyang Y B, Zhang D, Du W, Advances in Civil Engineering, 2020 (2020) 11.

  • Mahal M, Blanksvärd T, Täljsten B, Sas G, Engineering Structures, 105 (2015) 277.

  • ASTM D1622, ASTM International, (2020).

  • ASTM D1621, ASTM International, (2016).

  • ASTM C 203, Indian J Eng Mater Sci, 20 (2013) 237.

  • Jorge Z, Ronny P, Sotomayor O, Materials Today: Proceedings, 49 (2022) 79.

  • Li D, Zhu Q, Zhou Z, Li X, Ranjith P G, Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 83 (2017) 109.

  • Sreekantan P G, Vangla P, Ramana G V, Geosynthetics International, (2023) 1.


Abstract Views: 101

PDF Views: 60




  • Assessing the Flexural Characteristics of Geofoam using Digital Image Correlation Technique

Abstract Views: 101  |  PDF Views: 60

Authors

Parvathi Geetha Sreekantan
Geotechnical Engineering Division, CSIR-Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi 110 025, India
Gunturi Venkata Ramana
Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110 016, India
Pawan Singh Nohawar
Geotechnical Engineering Division, CSIR-Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi 110 025, India

Abstract


Geofoam is a popular lightweight fill material block used for the construction of road embankments over soft subsoils. The uneven load distribution and excessive settlement over such embankments can lead to differential stress distribution, leading to the bending of thin geofoam blocks. The assessment of geofoam's ability to withstand bending stresses is commonly conducted by evaluating its flexural strength, which also serves as an indicator of its bond strength resistance. In the present study, flexural characteristics of geofoams of varying densities ranging from 15 kg/m3 to 30 kg/m3 are assessed experimentally. Subsequently, a statistical assessment is conducted to analyse the variations in flexural strength and modulus and their potential relationship with geofoam density. A non-contact full-field strain measurement during the test is conducted using 2D-digital image correlation (DIC). This facilitated the evaluation of strain distribution within the geofoam during the testing. The observed DIC strains at the outer fibre matched precisely with the physically measured strain, validating the analysis method. It is observed that irrespective of the geofoam density; the EPS cell collapse occurred at a constant true strain value, i.e., 17%. Furthermore, it is also noted that more than 55% of the sample area experiences tensile strain during failure, whereas 45% is subjected to compressive strain. It is also determined that the ratio of the area under compression to tension at failure exhibited an increase in correlation with the density of the geofoam.

Keywords


Bending, Digital image correlation, Expanded polystyrene (EPS), Modulus, True strain.

References