Indian Journal of Engineering & Materials Sciences

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

Synthesis and Characterization of Ricehusk Activated Carbon by Torrefaction, Desilication and Alkalies Based Approach


Affiliations
1 Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, Haryana 136 119, India
2 Department of Physics, Netaji Subhas University of Technology (NSUT), New Delhi 110 078,, India
 

Challenges have come from global warming and environmental pollution, which has lead to the requirement of sustainable carbon-rich precursors for the synthesis of carbon materials. This study has been carried out to demonstrate the attempt of utilizing agricultural bio waste as Rice Husk (RH) as it is abundantly available, environmentally friendly, and low cost and a kind of renewable precursor material for the production of activated carbon. Activated rice husk-based porous carbon with honeycomb-shaped porosity was synthesized by torrefaction of finely powdered rice husk in a tubular furnace..Pyrolyzed rice husk carbon (RHC) has been desilicated by reflux method by mixing sodium carbonate solution with RHC to remove the silica layer so as to enhance the porosity of rice husk carbon. Desilicated RHC has been mixed with mixed alkaline metal base hydroxides at a specific heating rate. The effect of saturating the carbon with mixed activating agents at different mass ratios has been also studied. The confirmation of rice husk activated carbon (RHAC) has been confirmed by different techniques such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX). The interlayer spacing (d002) of the RHAC1 and RHAC2 samples are 0.39 nm and 0.34 nm. These values are greater than the interlayer spacing for graphite (0.335 nm). This shows the distorted structure with low graphitization level for both samples. It has been recognized that apparently amorphous-shaped RHAC was obtained along with meso-micro hierarchical porosity in topography. The ash yield of rice husk carbon obtained after Pyrolysis has been found to be 43.8% which was obtained by weighing rice husk samples once it was cooled down in a few hours. The use of this activated rice husk carbon can be used in the fabrication of energy storage devices featuring the concepts of green energy.

Keywords

Rice husk, X- ray diffraction, Activated carbon, Impregnation, Yield.
User
Notifications
Font Size

  • Jjagwe J, Olupot PW, Menya E & Kalibbala HM, J Bioresour Bioprod, 6.4 (2021) 292.

  • Shafeeyan MS, Daud WM, Houshmand A & Shamiri A, JAAP,89 (2010) 143.

  • Song X, Ma X, Li Y, Ding L & Jiang R, Appl Surf Sci, 487(2019) 189.

  • Redondo E, Carretero-González J, Goikolea E, Ségalini J & Mysyk R, Electrochim Acta, 160 (2015) 178.

  • Lin XQ, Yang N, Lü QF & Liu R, Energy Technol, 7(3)(2019)1800628.

  • Saini S, Chand P & Joshi A, J Energy Storage, 39 (2021) 102646.

  • Baldania A, Vibhute B & Parikh S, AIP Conf Proc, 2327 (1) (2021).

  • González-García P, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 82 (2018) 1393.

  • Ao W, Fu J, Mao X, Kang Q, Ran C, Liu Y, Zhang H, Gao Z, Li J, Liu G & Dai J, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 92(2018) 958.

  • Ncibi MC, Ranguin R, Pintor MJ, Jeanne-Rose V, Sillanpää M & Gaspard S, J Anal Appl Pyrolysis, 109 (2014) 205.

  • Galhetas M, Mestre AS, Pinto ML, Gulyurtlu I, Lopes H & Carvalho AP, J Colloid Interface Sci, 433 (2014) 94.

  • da Silva Lacerda V, López-Sotelo JB, Correa-Guimarães A, Hernández-Navarro S, Sánchez-Báscones M, Navas-Gracia LM, Martín-Ramos P & Martín-Gil J, J Environ Manag , 155 (2015)67.

  • Pandey L, Sarkar S, Arya A, Sharma AL, Panwar A, Kotnala RK & Gaur A, Biomass Convers Biorefin, (2021)1.

  • Jain A, Xu C, Jayaraman S, Balasubramanian R, Lee JY & Srinivasan MP, Microporous Mesoporous Mater, 218 (2015) 55.

  • Xu H, Gao B, Cao H, Chen X, Yu L, Wu K, Sun L, Peng X & Fu J, J Nanomater, 2014 (2015) 229. 16 Kalderis D, Bethanis S, Paraskeva P & Diamadopoulos E, Bioresour Technol, 99 (2008) 6809.

  • Muniandy L, Adam F, Mohamed AR & Ng EP, Microporous and Mesoporous Mater, 197 (2014) 316.

  • Zhang S, Zhang Q, Zhu S, Zhang H & Liu X, Energy Sources A: Recovery Util Environ Eff, 43 (3) (2021) 282,

  • Lee YJ, Kim GP, Bang Y, Yi J, Seo JG & Song IK, Mater Res Bull, 50 (2014) 240.

  • Heo YJ & Park SJ, J Ind Eng Chem, 31 (2015) 330.

  • Muniandy L, Adam F, Mohamed AR & Ng EP, Microporous and Mesoporous Mater, 197 (2014) 316.

  • Oanh NT, Ly BT, Tipayarom D, Manandhar BR, Prapat P, Simpson CD & Liu LJ, Atmos Environ, 45(2) (2011) 493.

  • Chen B, Yang Z, Ma G, Kong D, Xiong W, Wang J, Zhu Y & Xia Y, Microporous and Mesoporous Mater, 1-8 (2018) 257.

  • Do NH, Pham HH, Le TM, Lauwaert J, Diels L, Verberckmoes A, Do NH, Tran VT & Le PK, Sci Rep, 10(1) (2020) 21263.


Abstract Views: 93

PDF Views: 54




  • Synthesis and Characterization of Ricehusk Activated Carbon by Torrefaction, Desilication and Alkalies Based Approach

Abstract Views: 93  |  PDF Views: 54

Authors

Ritu Garg
Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, Haryana 136 119, India
Anurag Gaur
Department of Physics, Netaji Subhas University of Technology (NSUT), New Delhi 110 078,, India
R. P. Chauhan
Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, Haryana 136 119, India

Abstract


Challenges have come from global warming and environmental pollution, which has lead to the requirement of sustainable carbon-rich precursors for the synthesis of carbon materials. This study has been carried out to demonstrate the attempt of utilizing agricultural bio waste as Rice Husk (RH) as it is abundantly available, environmentally friendly, and low cost and a kind of renewable precursor material for the production of activated carbon. Activated rice husk-based porous carbon with honeycomb-shaped porosity was synthesized by torrefaction of finely powdered rice husk in a tubular furnace..Pyrolyzed rice husk carbon (RHC) has been desilicated by reflux method by mixing sodium carbonate solution with RHC to remove the silica layer so as to enhance the porosity of rice husk carbon. Desilicated RHC has been mixed with mixed alkaline metal base hydroxides at a specific heating rate. The effect of saturating the carbon with mixed activating agents at different mass ratios has been also studied. The confirmation of rice husk activated carbon (RHAC) has been confirmed by different techniques such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX). The interlayer spacing (d002) of the RHAC1 and RHAC2 samples are 0.39 nm and 0.34 nm. These values are greater than the interlayer spacing for graphite (0.335 nm). This shows the distorted structure with low graphitization level for both samples. It has been recognized that apparently amorphous-shaped RHAC was obtained along with meso-micro hierarchical porosity in topography. The ash yield of rice husk carbon obtained after Pyrolysis has been found to be 43.8% which was obtained by weighing rice husk samples once it was cooled down in a few hours. The use of this activated rice husk carbon can be used in the fabrication of energy storage devices featuring the concepts of green energy.

Keywords


Rice husk, X- ray diffraction, Activated carbon, Impregnation, Yield.

References