Open Access
Subscription Access
Environmental status of some beaches in Daman and South Gujarat, India
Beaches are the prime choice of amusement, hence determining its quality is significant to public health. The existing status of water and sediment quality of four beaches along the north-west coast of India is evaluated at high and low tide (for three weeks) during the pre-monsoon season. Water samples were measured for hydrography, nutrients, Petroleum Hydrocarbons (PHc) and Fecal Coliform (FC). Sediments were analyzed for heavy metals, PHc and FC. Results indicated higher concentrations of ammonia (28.7 µmol/l) and phosphate (57.3 µmol/l) in the waters of Tadgam beach owing to the proximity to industrial discharge. Metals such as Fe, Al, Mn, Cr, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, and Hg were found to be above Lowest Effective Range (LER) as compared to Cr and Fe, those exceed Severe Effective Range (SER). Elevated levels of FC in both water and sediment in all the studied beaches indicated microbial contamination relative to anthropogenic activities.
Keywords
Fecal Coliform, Metals, Nutrients, Sediment, Water, West Coast of India.
User
Font Size
Information
- Gupta I, Dhage S & Kumar R, Study of variations in water quality of Mumbai coast through multivariate analysis techniques, Indian J Geo-Mar Sci, 38 (2) (2009) 170-177.
- Maloo A, Fulke A B, MulaniN, Sukumaran S & Ram A, Pathogenic multiple antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli serotypes in recreational waters of Mumbai, India: a potential public health risk, Env Sci & Pollt Res, 24 (12) (2017) 11504-11517.
- Schlacher T A, Serena L, Rod M C, Charles H P, Ben L G, et al., Human threats to sandy beaches: A meta-analysis of ghost crabs illustrates global anthropogenic impacts, Estuar Coast Shelf Sci, 169 (2016) 56-73.
- Sivanandham V, Dahms H-U, Kunnampuram V E, Murugaiah S G, Krishnan M, et al., Physicochemical parameters aid microbial community? A case study from marine recreational beaches, Southern India, Environ Monit Assess, 186 (3) (2014) 1875-1887.
- Zingde M D & Govindan K, Health status of the coastal waters of Mumbai and regions around, In: Environmental Problems of Coastal Areas in India, edited by V K Sharma, (Bookwell Publishers, New Delhi), 2000, pp. 119-132.
- Zingde M D & Desai B N, Pollution status of estuaries of Gujarat-an overview, Contributions in Marine Sciences, Dr S Z Qasim felicitation volume, 1987, pp. 245-267.
- Grasshoff K, Kremling K & Ehrhardt M (eds.), Methods of seawater analysis, (John Wiley & Sons), 2009, pp. 632.
- IOC-UNESCO, Manual for monitoring oil and dissolved dispersed petroleum hydrocarbons in marine waters and on beaches, Manual and Guides No. 13, 1984.
- Federation W E & American Public Health Association, Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, (American Public Health Association (APHA): Washington, DC, USA), 2005.
- IOC-UNESCO, The determination of petroleum hydrocarbons in sediments, Manuals and Guides No.11, 1982, pp. 38.
- Loring D H & Rantala R T, Manual for the geochemical analyses of marine sediments and suspended particulate matter, Earth Sci Rev, 32 (4) (1992) 235-283.
- Gupta V K, Imran A, Tawfik A S, Arunima N & Shilpi A, Chemical treatment technologies for waste-water recycling— an overview, RSC Adv,2 (16) (2012) 6380-6388.
- Ramana V, Rao L M & Manjulatha C, Physico-Chemical Parameters of Coastal Waters of Visakhapatnam, East Coast of India, Asian J Exp Sci, 29 (1 & 2) (2015) 7-10.
- Nixon S W, Physical energy inputs and the comparative ecology of lake and marine ecosystems, Limnol Oceanogr, 4 (2) (1988) 1005-1025.
- Purwono A R, Hibbaan M & Budihardjo M A, Ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) and Ammonium-nitrogen (NH4 + -N) equilibrium on the process of removing nitrogen by using tubular plastic media, J Mater Environ Sci, (8) (2017) 4915-4922.
- Shirodkar P V, Mesquita A, Pradhan U K, Verlekar X N, Babu M T, et al., Factors controlling physico-chemical characteristics in the coastal waters off Mangalore—a multivariate approach, Environ Res, 109 (3) (2009) 245-257.
- Ram A, Jiyalal Ram M J, Rokade M A, Bharti S, Vishwasrao C, et al., Nutrients, hypoxia and mass fishkill events in Tapi Estuary, India, Estuar Coast Shelf Sci, 148 (2014) 48-58.
- Razumov V A & Tyutyunova F I,Nitrite contamination of the Moskva River: causes and effects, Water Resour, 28 (3) (2001) 324-334.
- Boman B J, Wilson P C & Ontermaa E A, Understanding water quality parameters for citrus irrigation and drainage systems, Univ Florida IFAS Extension, Circ, (2002) p. 1406.
- Zingde M D, Narvekar P V, Sarma R V & Desai B N, Water quality of the river Damanganga (Gujarat), Indian J Geo-Mar Sci, 9 (1980) 94-99.
- Randall D J & Tsui T K N, Ammonia toxicity in fish, Mar Pollut Bull, 45 (1-12) (2002) 17-23.
- Jones J G, Simon B M & Horsley R W, Microbiological sources of ammonia in freshwater lake sediments, Microbiology, 128 (12) (1982) 2823-2831.
- Pereira-Filho J, Schettini C A F, Rörig L & Siegle E, Intratidal variation and net transport of dissolved inorganic nutrients, POC and chlorophyll a in the Camboriú River estuary, Brazil, Estuar Coast Shelf Sci, 53 (2) (2001) 249-257.
- Nirgude N T, Shukla S & Venkatachalam A, Physico-chemical analysis of some industrial effluents from Vapi industrial area, Gujarat, India, Rasayan J Chem, 6 (1) (2013) 68-72.
- Lee C M, Lin T Y, Lin C C, Kohbodi G A, Bhatt A, et al., Persistence of fecal indicator bacteria in Santa Monica Bay beach sediments, Water Res, 40 (14) (2006) 2593-2602.
- Beder S, Engineering Sydney’s sewerage pollution: Public relations assisted technology, Curr Aff Bull, 66 (1989) 27–31.
- Chapman H, Purnell K, Law R J & Kirby M F, The use of chemical dispersants to combat oil spills at sea: A review of practice and research needs in Europe, Mar Pollut Bull, 54 (7) (2007) 827-838.
- Dwight R H, Fernandez L M, Baker D B, Semenza J C & Olson B H, Estimating the economic burden from illnesses associated with recreational coastal water pollution—a case study in Orange County, California, J Environ Manage, 76 (2) (2005) 95-103.
- Maloo A, Fulke A B, Khade K,Sharma A & Sukumaran S, Virulence gene and antibiogram profile as markers of pathogenic Escherichia coliin tropical beaches of North West India: Implications for water quality and human health, Estuar Coast Shelf Sci, 208 (2018) 118-130.
- Massart D L &Kaufman L, The interpretationof analytical chemical data by the useof cluster analysis, Wiley-Interscience, New York, (1983) 179-208.
- Buruaem L M, Hortellani M A, Sarkis J E, Costa-Lotufo L V & Abessa D M, Contamination of port zone sediments by metals from Large Marine Ecosystems of Brazil, Mar Pollut Bull, 64 (3) (2012) 479-488.
- Adamo P, Arienzo M, Imperato M, Naimo D, Nardi G, et al., Distribution and partition of heavy metals in surface and sub-surface sediments of Naples city port, Chemosphere, 61 (6) (2005) 800-809.
- Daniel I E & Nna P J, Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Concentration in Surface Water of Cross River Estuary, Niger Delta,Nigeria, Asian J Environ Ecol, 1 (2) (2016) 1-7.
- Veerasingam S, Raja P, Venkatachalapathy R, Mohan R & Sutharsan P, Distribution of petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations in coastal sediments along Tamilnadu coast, India, Carpath J Earth Environ Sci, 5 (2) (2010) 5-8.
- Gupta R S, Fondekar S P & Alagarsamy R, State of oil pollution in the northern Arabian Sea after the 1991 Gulf oil spill, Mar Pollut Bull, 27 (1993) 85-91.
- Majithiya D, Yadav A & Ram A, Behaviour of trace metals in the anoxic environment ofVeraval harbour, India, Mar Pollut Bull, 129 (2) (2018) 645-654.
- Dhage S S, Chandorkar A A, Kumar R, Srivastava A & Gupta I, Marine water quality assessment at Mumbai West Coast, Environ Int, 32 (2) (2006) 149-158.
- United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), The role of screening-level risk assessments and refining contaminants of concern inBaseline ecological risk assessments, (2001) p. 9345.
- Alharbi T & El-Sorogy A, Assessment of metal contamination in coastal sediments of Al-Khobar area, Arabian Gulf, Saudi Arabia, J Afr Earth Sci, 129 (2017) 458-468.
- Jayasiri H B, Vennila A & Purushothaman C S, Spatial and temporal variability of metals in inter-tidal beach sediment of Mumbai, India, Environ Monit Assess, 186 (2) (2014) 1101-1111.
- Boehm A B, Keymer D P & Shellenbarger G G, An analytical model of enterococci inactivation, grazing, and transport in the surf zone of a marine beach, Water Res, 39 (15) (2005) 3565-3578.
- Santhiya G, Lakshumanan C,Jonathan M P, Roy P D, Navarrete-Lopez, et al., Metal enrichment in beach sediments from Chennai Metropolis, SE coast of India, Mar Pollut Bull, 62 (11) (2011) 2537-2542.
- Vetrimurugan E, Shruti V C, Jonathan M P, Roy P D, Kunene N W,et al., Metal concentration in the tourist beaches of South Durban: An industrial hub of South Africa, Mar Pollut Bull, 117 (1-2) (2017) 538-546.
- iomenvis.nic.in
- dcmsme.gov.in
Abstract Views: 120
PDF Views: 80