Open Access
Subscription Access
Open Access
Subscription Access
Tourist Perception of Food Safety Risk and Destination Choice.
Subscribe/Renew Journal
Growing concern about food-borne illness on vacation damages destination image and affects tourist travel decision. This paper draws on a review of research literature to works towards a conceptual framework to explore the potential factors which would influence tourist perception of food safety related risks and the possible impact on destination choice. The relevant strategies adopted by international tourists to reduce risk exposure and the likely influence on selecting travel destination are also reviewed, together with the implication for the tourism industry. The overriding purpose of the study is to identify appropriate risk management strategies for the mutual benefit of both tourism industry and international tourists.
Keywords
Tourist Perception, Destination Choice, Risk Reducing Strategies, Risk Characteristics, Foodborne Illness
Subscription
Login to verify subscription
User
Font Size
Information
- Anderson, W. (1999), Risk analysis: fear, perception and reality, Royal Irish Academy. Food Safety Authority of Ireland, [On-line] www.fsai.ie/fsai_papers/210499.htm.
- Bauer, R. A. (1967), Consumer behaviour as risk taking, in Cox D F (ed.), Risk Taking & Information Handling in Consumer Behaviour, Graduate School of Business Administration, Harvard University, Boston, pp.23-33.
- Bettman, J. R. (1973), Perceived risk and its components: a model and empirical test, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 10, pp.84-90.
- Carter, S. (1998), Tourists and Traveler’s Social Construction of Africa and Asia as Risky Locations, Tourism Management, Vol. 19, pp.349–358.
- Cartwright, R. (2000), Reducing the health risks associated with travel, Tourism Economics, Vol. 6 Issue 2, 159-167.
- Cheung, G., Prisk, E. M. and Maxwell, S. M. (2000), The knowledge and practice of British tourists with regards to the presentation of food related illness. In Conference Proceedings: Food Safety in Travel and Tourism, 12-16.
- Clift, S. and Page, S. (1996), Introduction: tourism and health, in Health and the International Tourist, ed. S. Clift and S. Page, Routledge, London. CNN Europe (2001), UK’s Blair on Foot and Mouth Crisis. [On-line] http//europe.cnn.com/2001/world/europe/0329/blair.interview/index.html/.
- Cox, D. F. (1967), Risk handling in consumer behaviour–an intensive study of two cases in Cox, D. F. (ed.), Risk Taking and Information Handling in Consumer Behaviour, MA: Harvard University Press, Boston, 1967, pp.34-81.
- Crompton,J. L. (1992), Structure of Vacation Destination Choice Sets. Annals of Tourism Research, Vol.19, pp.20-434.
- Cunningham, S. M. (1967), The major dimensions of perceived risk, in Cox, D. F. (ed.), Risk Taking and Information Handling in Consumer Behaviour, Boston, MA: Harvard University Press.
- Dawood, R. (1989). “Tourists’ Health—Could the Travel Industry Do More?” Tourism Management, Vol.10 Issue 4, pp.285-87.
- Delgado, E. (2000). “The Cristal Programme: HACCP Application for the Tourism Industry.” In Conference Proceedings: Food Safety in Travel and Tourism, pp.78-94.
- Dioko, L.A.N., Kong, W.H. & Nunes, C. (2005), Does The Type Of Perceived Travel Risk Associated With Destinations Affect Visitors’ Likelihood Of Visiting?—An Exploratory Study. Proceedings of the International Conference on Destination Branding and Marketing, Macao, December.
- Dowling, G. R. (1986), Perceived risk: the concept and its measurement, Psychology & Marketing, Vol.3, pp.193-210.
- Eom, Y. S. (1994), Pesticide residue risk and food safety valuation: a random utility approach, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, St. Paul, Vol.76 Issue 4, pp.760-772.
- Fife-Schaw, C. and Rowe, G. (1996), Public perceptions of everyday food hazards: psychometric study, Risk Analysis, Vol.16 Issue 4, pp.487-500.
- Fodness, D. and Murray, B. (1997), Tourist information search. Annals of Tourism Research, Vol.24, pp.503-523.
- Frewer, L. J., Shepherd, R. and Sparks, P. (1994), The role of perceived knowledge and perceived control in risk perceptions associated with a range of food-related hazards, Food Safety, Vol.14, pp.19-40.
- Fuchs, G., and A. Reichel (2004). Cultural Differences in Tourist Destination Risk Perception: An Exploratory Study. Tourism, Vol.52 Issue 1, pp. 21–37.
- Fuchs, G., and A. Reichel (2006). Tourist Destination Risk Perception: The Case of Israel. Journal of Hospitality and Leisure Marketing, Vol.14 Issue 2, pp.81–106.
- Huang, C. L. (1993), Simultaneous-equation model for estimating consumer risk perceptions, attitudes, and willingness-to-pay for residue-free produce, The Journal of Consumer Affairs, Madison, Vol. 27 Issue 2, pp.377-388.
- JHHI (2002), Stemming the Tide: Coping with traveler’s diarrhea, Johns Hopkins HealthInformation.[On-line] http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/ihtIH?t=20886&c=229773& November 16.
- Lanzetta, J. T. and Driscoll, J. M. (1968), “Effects of uncertainty and importance on information search in decision making”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 10 No. 4, pp. 479-486.
- Lam, T. and Zhang, H. Q. (1999). Service quality of travel agents: The case of travel agents in Hong Kong. Tourism Management, Vol.20, pp.341-349.
- Lawton, G. and Page, S. (1997). Evaluating Travel Agents’ Provision of Health Advice to Travelers. Tourism Management, Vol.18 Issue 2, pp.89-104.
- Lepp, A., and H. Gibson (2003). Tourist Roles, Perceived Risk and International Tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, Vol.30 Issue 3, pp.606–624.
- Macquarie (1999), Macquarie Concise Dictionary 3rd ed. Sydney: Macquarie Library.
- MacLaurin, T. (2003), The importance of food safety in travel planning and destination selection, Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, Vol.15 issue 4, pp.233-257.
- MacLaurin, T. (2001), Food safety in travel and tourism, Journal of Travel Research, Vol.39, pp.32-33.
- MacLaurin, T., MacLaurin, D. and Loi, L. (2000), The impact of food-borne illness on food safety concerns of international air travelers, Tourism Economics, Vol.6 Issue 2, pp.169-185.
- MacLaurin, T., Loi, S. L. and MacLaurin D. (2000). Air Travelers’ Attitudes to Food Safety. In Conference Proceedings: Food Safety in Travel and Tourism, 17.
- Mansfeld, Y. (1992). From Motivation to Actual Travel. Annals of Tourism Research, Vol.19, pp.399-419.
- Maser, B., and Weiermair, K. (1998). Travel decision-making: From the vantage point of perceived risk and information preferences. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, Vol.7 Issue 4, pp.107-120.
- Miles, S., Braxton, D. and Frewer, L. (1999), Public perceptions about microbiological hazards in food, British Food Journal, Vol.101 Issue 10, pp.744-762.
- Mitchell, V. W. (1998a), A role for consumer risk perceptions in grocery retailing, British Food Journal, Vol. 100 Issue 4, pp.171-183.
- Mitchell, V. W. (1998b), Defining and measuring perceived risk, The academy of Marketing Annual Conference, 1998, pp.380-384.
- Mitchell, V. W. and Greatorex, M. (1990), Perceived risk and risk reducing strategies across product classification, Proceedings of 23rd MEG Conference, 2 June, Oxford, 940-955.
- Mowen, J., and M. Minor (1998). Consumer Behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
- Pizam, A. and Sussmann, S. (1995), Does nationality affect tourist behaviour? Annals of Tourism Research, Vol.22 Issue 4, pp.901-917.
- Powell, D. (1999), An introduction to risk communication and the perception of risk. [On-line] http://www.oac.uoguelph.ca/riskcomm/rc-basics/risk-review/risk-review.htm, (July 23), 1-19.
- Priest, S. (1990). The Adventure Experience Paradigm. In Adventure Recreation, edited by A. Miles and S. Priest. State College, PA: Venture Publishing, pp.157-62.
- Pugh, R. (1990), Food safety and the retail industry, International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management, Vol.18 Issue 6, pp.3-7.
- Reichel, A., Fuchs, G. and Uriely, N. (2007), Perceived Risk and the Non-Institutionalized Tourist Role: The Case of Israeli Student Ex-Backpackers, Journal of Travel Research, Vol.46, pp.217-226.
- Reisinger, Y. and Mavondo, F. (2005), Travel anxiety and intentions to travel internationally: implications of travel risk perception, Journal of Travel Research, Vol.43 Issue 3, pp.212-225.
- Roehl, W. S. and Fesenmaier, D. R. (1992), Risk Perception and Pleasure Travel: An exploratory analysis, Journal of Travel Research, Vol.30 Issue 4, pp.17-29.
- Rogers, R.W. (1975), A protection motivation theory of fear appeals and attitude change, Journal of Psychology, Vol.91, pp.93-114.
- Rogers, R.W. (1983), Cognitive and physiological process in fear appeals and attitude change: a revised copy of protection motivation, in Social Psychophysiology, edited by J. Cacioppo and R. Petty, New York: Guilford, pp.153-174.
- Roselius, T. (1971), Consumer rankings of risk reduction methods, Journal of Marketing, Vol.35 Issue 1, pp.56-61.
- Sharpley, R., Sharpley, J., and Adams, J. (1996), Travel advice or trade embargo? The impact and implications of official travel advice. Tourism Management, Vol.17, pp.1-7.
- Slovic, P. (1987), Perception of risk, Science, Vol.236, pp.280-285.
- Slovic, P. (1993), Perceived risk, trust and democracy, Risk Analysis, Vol.13 Issue 6, pp.675-82.
- Slovic, P., Fischhoff, B. and Lichtenstein, S. (1980), Facts and fears: understanding perceived risks, in Schwing, R. and Albers, W. Jr. (eds.) Societal Risk Assessment: How safe is safe enough? Plenum, New York, pp.181-216.
- Sönmez, S., and A. Graefe (1998a). Influence of Terrorism Risk on Foreign Tourism Decisions. Annals of Tourism Research, Vol.25, pp.112–144.
- Sonmez, S. F. and Graefe, A. R. (1998b). Determining future travel behaviour from past travel experience and perceptions of risk and safety. Journal of Travel Research, Vol.37 Issue 2, pp.171-177.
- Starr, C. (1985), Risk management, assessment and acceptability, Risk Analysis, Vol.5, pp.97-102.
- Teague, J. L. and Anderson, D. W. (1995), Consumer preferences for safe handling labels on meat and poultry, The Journal of Consumer Affairs, Madison, Vol.29 Issue 1, pp.108-119.
- Travel Weekly (1998). Have you been ill on vacation? Travel Weekly, (July 30), p.18.
- Wandel, M. (1994), Understanding consumer concern about food-related health risks, British Food Journal, Vol.96 Issue 7, pp.35-40.
- World Health Organization. (2000). Food safety: An essential public health issue for the new millennium. [On-line] http://www.who.int/fsf/brochure/foodsafety/fdbroe1. pdf, (February 22).
- WTTC (2007a), Executive summary: travel and tourism navigating the path ahead, World Travel and Tourism Council, London, [On-line] www.wttc.org/TSA%202007/Executive%20Summary%202007.pdf.
- WTTC (2007b), Progress and Priorities 2006-07, World Travel and Tourism Council, London, [On-line] www.wttc.travel/bin/pdf/temp/progresspriorities06-07.html .
- Yee, W.M.S. and Yeung, R.M.W. (2002) Trust building in livestock farmers: an exploratory study. Nutrition and Food Science, Vol.32, pp.137–144.
- Yee, W.M.S., Yeung, R.M.W. and Morris, J. (2005), Food safety: building consumer trust in livestock farmers for potential purchase behaviour, British Food Journal, Vol.107 Issue 11, pp.841-854.
- Yeung, R.M.W. and Yee, W.M.S. (2002), Multi-dimensional analysis of consumer perceived risk in chicken meat, Nutrition & Food Science, Vol. 32 No. 6, pp. 219-26.
- Yeung, R.M.W. & Yee, W.M.S. (2003) Risk reduction: an insight from the UK poultry industry. Nutrition and Food Science, Vol.33, pp.219–229.
- Yeung, R.M.W. and Yee, W.M.S. (2004), Exploring the impact of consumer perceived risk on behavioural intention: a structural equation modelling approach, Proceedings of the Academy of Marketing Conference, Cheltenham.
- Yeung, R.M.W. and Yee, W.M.S. (2005), Consumer perception of food safety risk: a multiple regression approach, Journal of International Food & Agribusiness Marketing, Vol.17 Issue 2, pp.195-212.
- Yeung, R. M. W. and Morris, J. (2006), An empirical study of the impact of consumer perceived risk on purchase likelihood: a modelling approach, International Journal of Consumer Studies, Vol.30 Issue 3, pp.294-305.
Abstract Views: 689
PDF Views: 4