Analysis of Dermatoglyphic Pattern in Potentially Malignant Disorder and Oral Carcinoma Patients

Aim: To assess the association between dermatoglyphic pattern and potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma patients which might help in predicting the occurrence of these two disorders.

Background: Dermatoglyphics are the dermal ridge configuration on the digits, palms and soles. They are genetically determined and influenced by environmental forces that are operating before birth. Several studies have shown association between dermatoglyphics and different types of cancer. Hence this study was undertaken to determine whether specific dermatoglyphic patterns exists which help in predicting the occurrence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral potentially malignant disorders.

Materials and Method: After explaining about the study to the subjects, an informed consent will be obtained. A detailed history with thorough clinical examination will be done and findings will be recorded . The clinically diagnosed cases of potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma will be confirmed histopathologically and will be included in the study. Finger and palm prints will be collected using ink method from 10 subjects with oral squamous cell carcinoma, 15 subjects with potentially malignant disorders and 25 healthy controls and will be evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively.

Results: Arches and loops were more frequent in cases than in controls whereas whorls were more frequent in control group. 80% of the patients with potentially malignant disorders have loop pattern, 40% of the patients has arches and 30% have whorls. 50% of the patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma have loop pattern, 30% have arch pattern and 20% have whorl pattern. 68% of the control group have whorl pattern, 20% have arch pattern and 12% have loop pattern.

Conclusion: This study concluded that dermatoglyphic patterns may have a role in identifying individuals either with or at risk for developing potentially malignant disorders like leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis, lichen planus etc and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Hence it can be used to identify high risk group, so that early primary and secondary preventive measures can be instituted in order to prevent the occurrence of these lesions.