A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Singh, Abha
- Postmenopausal Bleeding: a Warning Symptom
Authors
1 Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Barabanki, Lucknow, IN
2 Department of Community Medicine, Career Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, IN
3 Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Pt. J. N. M. Medical College & Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Memorial, Hospital, Raipur (C. G.)., IN
Source
Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, Vol 4, No 1 (2013), Pagination: 180-184Abstract
Objective: Pathological evaluation of postmenopausal bleeding.
Settings: Department of Obstetrics&Gynaecology, Pt. J. N. M. Medical college & DR. B. R. Ambedkar Memorial, Hospital, Raipur (C. G.)
Study design: Cross sectional Participants: 100
Material and Methods: A detailed, pre-tested, structured, closed questionnaire was used to collect the data. According to the case, cervical cytology and biopsy from any suspicious lesion or growth from cervix, vagina or vulva was taken. Results were analyzed using percentages.
Results: 65% of cases were of malignant origin. Carcinoma cervix came out to be the most common malignancy causing postmenopausal bleeding, representing 60% of total cases. Most of the cancer cervix cases were in advanced stages. Carcinoma endometrium and Carcinoma vulva were other malignancies found. The most common benign lesion associated with postmenopausal bleeding was Cervical Polyp, responsible for 25.7% of all benign cases. Incidence of malignancy increased with increasing age and with increasing clear span.
Conclusions: There in an urgent need for increasing awareness about the importance of postmenopausal bleeding. It is imperative to maintain a high index of suspicion and evaluate postmenopausal bleeding thoroughly considering it malignancy unless proved otherwise. Emphasis should be placed on screening of carcinoma cervix in pre-invasive stage, when it is symptomless and curable.
Keywords
Postmenopausal Bleeding, Cancer, Cervical Cancer
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- Mental Toughness in Indian Elite Athletes: Psychometric Validation of the Psychological Performance Inventory
Authors
1 Research Scholar, Amity Institute of Psychology and Allied Sciences, Amity University Noida, UP, IN
2 Asst. Professor, Amity Institute of Psychology and Allied Sciences, Amity University Noida, UP, IN
3 Professor, Amity Institute of Psychology and Allied Sciences, Amity University Noida, UP, IN
4 Associate, Professor, Zakir Hussain College, Delhi University, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, Vol 11, No 1 (2020), Pagination: 671-676Abstract
Background: Mental toughness is one of the psychological dimensions considered essential for performance in sports. In this study, the Psychometric validation of the Psychological Performance Inventory (PPI) was validated for the measurement of mental toughness in elite athletes. Materials and method: A sample of 76 elite athletes was selected via purposive sampling. To assess mental toughness, we used the Psychological Performance Inventory, by Loehr (1986). A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to confirm the factor structure of the Psychological Performance Inventory in an Indian context. Results: The mean scores for negative energy control, positive energy control, attention control, and attitude control were 3.41 (SD = .18), 3.88 (SD = .23), 3.68 (SD = .15), and 3.86 (SD = .23), respectively. Only 29 items were adequately internally consistent in assessing mental toughness for Indian elite athletes. In composite reliability (CR), all factors had values above .85, indicating good reliability.
Conclusion: The lack of success among elite Indian athletes is their excessive focus on affective skills, neglect of cognitive skills. Balancing affective and cognitive skills is the way to improve mental toughness,