A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Chandra Sekhar, K.
- Risk Factors of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Middle and Elderly Urban Population of Hyderabad City
Authors
1 Dept of Medicine, Sree Mookambika Institute of Medical Sciences, Kulasekharam, IN
2 Department of Community Medicine, Alluri Sita Ramaraju Institute of Medical Sciences. Eluru, A.P., IN
3 Dept of Social and Preventive Medicine, Sree Mookambika Institute of Medical Sciences, Kulasekharam, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, Vol 4, No 1 (2013), Pagination: 53-57Abstract
Background: Type 2 Diabetes is one of the major public health problem in India. Diabetes can affect nearly every organ system in the body, it can cause blindness, lead to end stage renal disease, lower extremity amputations, and increased the risk for stroke, ischaemic heart disease, peripheral vascular disease and neuropathy.
Objectives: 1.To finds the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Urban Population of Hyderabad City 2. How the obesity associated with the Diabetes Mellitus.
Methodology: A Cross sectional community based study was conducted during March 2003 to Feb 2004 at the field practice area of Osmania Medical College, the urban health centre Harrajpenta. A cluster sampling method was used a total of 502 individuals were participated and interviewed with pre-structured proforma.
Results: The prevalence of the Diabetes Mellitus in the present study was 19.5%. Diabetes Mellitus steadily increases with age (X2=12.24,df=3,p=0.0066). Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus significantly associated with duration of exercise (X2=4.37, 1df, P=0.03), family history of Diabetes (X2=136.1, 4df,p=0.001), Body mass index (X2=58.18 3df,p<0.001).
Keywords
Diabetes Prevalence, Age, Duration of Exercise, Family History, BMI
References
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- Knowledge about Sexually Transmitted Diseases and HIV among Adolescent Boys in Urban Slums of Mumbai
Authors
1 Department of Community Medicine, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Kadapa-516002. A.P., IN
2 Department of Community Medicine, Alluri Seetha Rama Raju Academy of Medical Sciences, Eluru (A.P.),, IN
3 Department of Community Medicine, G.S.Seth Medical College and K.E.M. Hospital, Parel Mumbai (M.S.), IN
Source
Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, Vol 4, No 1 (2013), Pagination: 75-79Abstract
Background: Adolescents account for one fifth of the world's population and have been on an increasing trend. In India, they account for 22.8% of the population (as on 1st March 2000) according to planning commission. Adolescent is an underserved vulnerable group in India, which needs to be addressed especially by reproductive sexual services to adolescent boys.
Objectives: 1.To know the knowledge about the symptoms of Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 2. To find the awareness about the HIV Prevention and Cure.
Methodology: This present cross sectional community based study was conducted in Bhabharekar Nagar, Mumbai which was resettlement area for those who were migrated from Kandivali (Charkop). Bhabharekar Nagar was having total of 728 houses and 8 gallies. A total of 256 adolescent boys were selected using stratified random sampling method during the period of May 2005 to April 2006.
Results: About 87.5% (224/256) participants had information regarding sexually transmitted infections. 59.82% (134/224) participants said burning micturition as a symptom of sexually transmitted infections.16.96% (38/224) participants said itching in groin. About 85.9% (220/256) participants said that HIV/AIDS is preventable. 70.3% (180/256) participants said HIV/AIDS is not curable.
Keywords
Knowledge about STI, Symptoms of STD, Modes of HIV, HIV Prevention, Knowledge about Cure of HIVReferences
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- Knowledge, Attitude, Practice Regarding Breast Feeding Practice among Mothers Attending Alluri Sita Rama Raju Academy of Medical Sciences, Eluru, Andhra Pradesh
Authors
1 Department of Community Medicine, Alluri Sita Rama Raju Institute of Medical Sciences (ASRAM), Eluru, A.P., IN
Source
Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, Vol 3, No 2 (2012), Pagination: 76-79Abstract
Background
Breast feeding practice rates vary in different places. Little is known about breast feeding practice and barriers women experience. In addition information is scant on how organisations can best promote breastfeeding. It is estimated that a breastfed baby is 14 times less likely to die from diarrhoea, 4 times less likely to die from respiratory diseases and 2.5 times less likely to die from other infections than a non breast fed infant.
Objectives
1) To determine knowledge, attitude, and practice of rural mothers regarding breastfeeding. 2) To find association of knowledge, attitude, and practice of rural mothers regarding breast feeding with demographic variables.
Methodology
The hospital based descriptive study was undertaken in departments of Paediatrics and Gynaecology, Obstetrics in both the outpatient and inpatient wards in Alluri Sita Rama Raju Academy of Medical Sciences, Eluru, Andhra Pradesh. In this study 214 mothers who had children less than 2 years of age were selected. A structured questionnaire was applied and children above two years of age group were excluded from the study.
Results
About 32.7% of the mothers had the knowledge regarding 6 months of breast feeding is enough. 86.9% of the mothers gave the opinion regarding attitude, breast feeding is a good way to decrease family expences. Out of 214 mothers who were interviewed 27 mothers are illiterates, 39 mothers have primary schooling, 105 mothers have high school education, 23 mothers had secondary education, and 20 mothers are graduates. 78.9% mothers were > 24 yrs of age 20.1% mother were < 24 years of age. Of the 214 mothers interviewed 189 mothers gave colostrums, whereas 25 mothers (11.81%) discarded colostrums. In mothers who delivered by vaginal delivery out of 140 mothers 118(84.2%) initiated breastfeeding within 12 hrs after delivery whereas out of 70 mothers who delivered by caesarean section 49(70%) initiated breast feeding 12 hrs after delivery.
Conclusions
In the present study conducted on 214 mothers showed that high proportion of population gave exclusive breast feeding. However lot of gap is seen between literate and illiterate mothers in breast feeding practices which need to be changed. The positive changing trends are seen in aspects of colostrum feeding. Hence there is a need for awareness programs regarding breast feeding in this area.
Keywords
Knowledge, Attitude, Practice Regarding Breast FeedingReferences
- S.P. Srivatsa, Vijay Kumar Sharma and Vijay Kumar Breast Feeding Patterns in Neonates. Indian Pediatrics, Vol. 31, Sep. 1994.
- BPNI Report 2003 Status of infant and young child feeding in 49 districts (98 blocks) of India.
- Ten steps to successful breast feeding protection, promotion and supporting breast fee. Special role of health science. A joint WHO / UNICEF statement, Geneva 1989.
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- Prevalence Study of Overweight/Obesity among Adults (20-60yrs) of Rural Field Practice Area of Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad
Authors
1 GSL Medical College, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, IN
2 Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Kadapa, IN
3 Alluri Seetha Rama Raju Academy of Medical Sciences, Eluru, IN
4 Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, Vol 3, No 3 (2012), Pagination: 245-249Abstract
BACKGROUND: There is an alarming increasing in the prevalence of overweight and obesity worldwide with globalization of economics and rapid international communication. Andhra Pradesh prevalence of overweight and obesity in males is 7.2% and females are 7.8%in rural areas. The prevalence of obesity in adults is 10%in rural areas of Andhra Pradesh.
OBJECTIVE: 1. To study prevalence of overweight/obesity among adults (20-60yrs) in the field practice area of OMC, Hyderabad. 2. To study the relationship between overweight/obesity with physical activity and dietary factors.3.To study the morbidity patterns among over weight/obesity individuals.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The patancheruvu mandal consists of 13 villages, 3villages were selected randomly and households were selected by systematic random method, a sample of 900 subjects was interviewed with pretested profroma. Age, sex, height, weight, blood pressure, diabetes, dietary patterns, smoking, alcoholism, CAD were recorded from March 2005 to February 2006.
RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight/obesity was 25%.Among males 34.82%and Females19.76%. Among age group 51-60yrs, 46.73%were overweight/obese and the association between 40yrs was significant p30 were HTN3.74%, DM0.78%, joint pains26.58%, respiratory diseases 5.06%.
CONCLUSIONS: The over all prevalence of over weight/obesity was 25% in the study population .34.82%in males and 19.67% in females. As the age increases overweight/obesity also increases along a gradient till 60+yrs .High literacy, alcoholism and low physical activity were significantly associated with over weight/obesity. As BMI increases morbidities tend to increase in rural area.
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- Prevalence of Anaemia among Adolescent Girls in Urban Areas of Kadapa, A.P.
Authors
1 Department of Community Medicine, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical sciences, Kadapa, A.P., IN
Source
Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, Vol 2, No 1 (2011), Pagination: 4-7Abstract
Background The prevalence of Anemia is disproportionately high in developing countries due to poverty, inadequate diet, certain diseases, pregnancy,lactation and poor access to health services. The worlds adolescent population age 10- 19 years estimated to stand more than 1 billion, yet adolescence remained a largely neglected, difficult to measure and hard to react population in which the needs of adolescent girls, in particular are often ignored.
Objectives 1. To know the prevalence of anaemia among adolescent girls. 2. To find the demographic profile among the adolescent anaemic girls.
Methodology The present cross sectional community based study was conducted in an urban field practice area of community medicine during the period of June 2008 to Nov 2008. A random sample of 248 girl's participated and house to house survey conducted. Hemoglobin Estimation was done by Sahli's method. Diagnostic criteria for anaemia was Haemoglobin level < 12 gms for non pregnant women adolescent girls and < 11 gms for pregnant adolescent girls.
Results The prevalence of anemia was found to be 68.95%. A significant association of anemia was found with low socio - economic status (p<0.05). High prevalence of anaemia was observed in parents of truck, auto and laborers families and which was significant(P<0.001). Prevalence of anaemia more or less same in all the age groups of adolescent age in our study.
Keywords
Age, Anthropometric Measurements, BMI, Parents Occupation, Socio Economic Status, Marital StatusReferences
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- A Profile of HIV Positive Antenatal Women at PPTCT Centre, Kadapa
Authors
1 Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Kadapa, IN
2 Alluri Seetha Ramaraju Academy of Medical Sciences (ASRAM), Eluru, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, Vol 2, No 1 (2011), Pagination: 24-26Abstract
Introduction
According to HIV surveillance by national AIDS control organization (NACO) in India, percentage of mother to child transmission cases among total AIDS cases is increasing year by year. HIV can be transmitted from mother to infant in 3 ways - Infection may occur in utero, the virus can be transmitted to the infant at the time of delivery or it can be transmitted through breast milk. Many social factors play a key role for increased incidence and prevalence of HIV to antenatal women.
Objectives
1. To know the prevalence of HIV in antenatal women 2. To find the outcome of HIV positive pregnancies. 3 To identify the various social factors in HIV positive women.
Methodology
A Hospital based cohort study at Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Kadapa, among PPTCT Centre attendees during the period of One year extends from October 2007 to September 2008. A total numbers of 4112 antenatal women were participated in this study and Oral interview with partially closed ended proforma was applied. The data thus obtained was subjected to analysis and results are presented.
Results
About 4112 ANC are tested, out of which 56 (1.36%) were found to be positive. 51.78% of HIV positive ANC were observed in between age group of 15-24 years. 85.71% of HIV ANC were housewives. 96.42% of HIV+ ANC women were married. 75 % of HIV ANC delivered normally. Pregnancy wastage and IMR for HIV ANC is as high as 30%.27.5%of children delivered to HIV+ women are of low birth weight.
Conclusions
Low birth weight is an observed complication in HIV positive Antenatal case. A negative pregnancy outcome in the form of Pregnancy wastage and IMR is very high. This can be reduced some extent by Peer education, counseling, Proper antenatal checkups and good quality of delivery practices.
Keywords
Age, Marital Status, Occupation, Literacy, Type of Delivery, out Come of Pregnancy, Birth Weight, Spouse CounselingReferences
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- Sinha G, Dyalchand A, Khale M, Kulkarni G, Vasudevan S, Bollinger RC. Low utilization of HIV testing during pregnancy - What are the barriers to HIV testing for women in rural India? Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2008;47(2):248-252.
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