A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Naveen, R
- A Qualitative Study Investigating the Concerns, Awareness and Behaviour of HIV Sero-discordant Heterosexual Couples in South India
Authors
1 Department of HIV Medicine, Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, GB
2 Department of Community Health, St. John's College Hospital, Bangalore, IN
3 Department of Medicine, St. John's College Hospital, Bangalore, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, Vol 4, No 3 (2013), Pagination: 281-286Abstract
Negative partners within HIV sero-discordant represent an important at risk group for HIV acquisition. In India, risk reduction strategies target high risk groups but often overlook these individuals. We sought to discover from sero-discordant couples: issues around their awareness and understanding of HIV, changes in their behaviour within the relationship and coping mechanisms following HIV diagnosis and their main concerns for the future, in order to help inform the development of specific counselling strategies. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with discordant couples attending an urban treatment centre in South India. A widespread lack of awareness and heavy presence of stigma around HIV prevailed. Issues such as modes of transmission and prognosis were largely misunderstood and the prevalence of inter-marital difficulties and reduced sexual desire was high. Effective post test counselling is crucial but where ongoing counselling has previously focussed on the positive partner, emphasis should move to couple based strategies which would ensure that both partners receive the same information in a controlled environment and from experienced personnel. Health care professionals should look carefully at their patient's marital circumstances and educate couples about the risks of onward HIV transmission, condom use, issues around family planning and child-wish and most importantly ensure that their emotional needs are addressed.Keywords
Sero-Discordant, HIV Prevention, HIV TransmissionReferences
- 2.5 million people living with AIDS in India, UNAIDS (2007) http://data.unaids.org/pub/ PressRelease/2007/070706_ india pressrelease_ en.pdf
- HIV Fact sheets 2006, NACO. http:// www.nacoonline.org/upload/NACO%20PDF/ HIV_Fact_Sheets_2006.pdf
- Mehendale SM, Ghate MV, Kishore Kumar B, Gamble TR et al. (2006) Low HIV-1 incidence among married sero-discordant couples in Pune, India. JAIDS 41(3)2006;371-373 doi: 10.1097/ 01.qai.0000209905.35620.48
- Priorities and Thrust areas, NACO (2007) http:/ /www.nacoonline.org/National_ AIDS_ Control_ Program/Programme_ Priorities_ and_Thrust_Areas/
- Rogers MC, Gopalakrishnan G, Kumarasamy N et al.(2005) HIV in couples in South India; implications for prevention. Int J STD & AIDS; 16: 442-445 doi: 10.1258/095646205409412
- Dhanure SS, Shankpal PD, Rao SN, Deshmukh (2002, July) YA Post exposure prophylaxis policy in India. Poster session presented at International Conference on AIDS, Barcelona, Spain
- Jejeebhoy SJ, Sathar ZA. (2001) Womens autonomy in India and Pakistan: the influence of region and religion. Population and development review.; 27 :687-712 doi: 10.1111/j.1728- 4457.2001.00687.x
- Garcia-Moreno C, Jansen HA, Ellsberg M, Heise L, Watts CH (2006) Prevalence of intimate partner violence: findings from the WHO multi-country study on women’s health and domestic violence. Lancet, 368; 1260-1269 doi:10.1016/S0140- 6736(06)69523-8
- Renal Complications in Malaria
Authors
1 Institute of Nephro-Urology, Victoria Hospital Campus, Bangalore, IN
2 Department of Community Health, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, IN
3 Department of Medicine, Victoria Hospital (Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute), KR Road, Bangalore, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, Vol 4, No 4 (2013), Pagination: 128-132Abstract
Background: The clinical manifestation of malaria has changed with more patients presenting with systemic manifestations. Malarial acute renal failure (MARF) is an emerging problem associated with high morbidity and mortality, but can be diagnosed and treated during the early stages.
Objectives: To
(1) describe the biochemical renal parameters among malaria patients and
(2) study the association between biochemical renal parameters and plasmodium species.
Method: 50 adult in-patients, who were diagnosed to be affected by malaria and utilizing the health facilities of a teaching medical college hospital in Bangalore and those who consented and satisfied the inclusion criteria, were included in the study. Detailed history, general physical and systemic examination and necessary pathological, biochemical renal laboratory parameters and radiological investigations were done.
Results: Among the 50 patients, 37 (74%) were males and 13 (26%) were females. Thirty seven (74%) patients were infected with P. falciparum, nine (18%) were infected with P. vivax and four (8%) had mixed infections. Twenty three (46%) patients had increased blood creatinine of more than 3mg/dL and urine output of less than 400 ml/day were classified as suffering from malaria acute renal failure (MARF) and among those with MARF 17 (73.91%) had P. falciparum infection, two (8.69%) had P. vivax infection and four (17.39%) had mixed infection.
Conclusion: People infected with P. falciparum or mixed infections are at an increased risk of developing acute renal failure when compared to people infected with P. vivax. Alteration in blood urea, serum albumin and serum electrolytes are other early features suggestive of MARF.
Keywords
Malaria, Plasmodium Species, Acute Renal FailureReferences
- Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Malaria. [Online]. [2008] [cited 2008 Apr 18]; Available from: URL:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Malaria
- Manan JA, Ali H, Lal M. Acute renal failure associated with malaria. J Ayub Med Coll 2006;18(4). p. 47-52
- Malaria: what is malaria? [Online]. [2007 Jan 9] [cited 2008 Apr 18]; Available from: URL: http:/ /www.searo.who.int/EN/Section10/Section21/ Section334.htm
- Malaria: historical background. [Online]. [2007 Jan 9] [cited 2008 Apr 18]; Available from: URL:http://www.searo.who.int/EN/ Section10/Section21/Section334_4008.htm
- Prakash J, Singh AK, Gujrati S, Maheshwari A, Acute renal failure in malaria: changing trends. Indian J Nephrol 2002;12:113-7.
- Mishra SK, Mohapatra S, et al. Acute renal failure in falciparum malaria. J Indian Acad Clin Med 2002 Apr-Jun;3(2):141-7.
- Kanodia KV, Shah PR, Vanikar AV, Kasat P, Gumber M, Trivedi HL. Malaria induced acute renal failure: A single center experience. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl [serial online] 2010 [cited 2011 Mar 2]; 21:1088-91. Available from: http:// www.sjkdt.org/text.asp?2010/21/6/1088/72296
- Chugh KS. Glomerular disease associated with tropical infections. [Online] [cited 2011 Mar 2]. Available from URL: http://www.uninet.edu/ cin2000/conferences/chugh/chugh.html
- Kochar DK, Sirohi P, Kochar SK. Malaria in India. Chapter 109. Association of Physicians of India. Update 2007. [Online]. 2007 [cited 2011 Mar 2]. Available from: URL: http://www.apiindia.org/ medicine_update_2007/109.pdf
- Rajapurkar MM. Renal involvement in malaria. J Postgrad Med 1994;40(3):132-4.
- Sitprija V. Nephropathy in falciparum malaria. Kidney International 1988;34:867-77.
- Mehta KS, Halankar AR, Makwana PD, Torane PP, Satija PS, Shah VB. Severe acute renal failure in malaria. J Postgrad Med 2001;47(1):24-26. [cited 2011 Mar 2];47:24. Available from: http:// www.jpgmonline.com/text.asp?2001/47/1/24/ 243
- Prakash J, Singh AK, Kumar NS, Saxena RK. Acute renal failure in Plasmodium vivax malaria. J Assoc Physicians India. 2003 Mar;51:265-7
- Clark IA. Does endotoxin cause both the disease and parasite death in acute malaria and babesiosis? Lancet 1978;2:75-7.
- Malloy JP, Brooks MH, Barry KG. Pathophysiology of acute falciparum malaria. Am J Med 1967;43:745-50.
- Balcerak SP, Arnold JD, Martin DC. Anatomy of red cell damage by Plasmodium falciparum in man. Blood 1972;40:98-104.
- Nand N, Aggarwal H, Sharma M, Singh M. Systemic manifestations of malaria. Journal, Indian Academy of Clinical Medicine. Jul-Sep 2001;2(3):189-94.
- Park K. Park’s text book preventive and social medicine. 18th ed. Jabalpur (India): M/s Banarsidas Bhanot Publishers; 2005. p.210-5.
- Barsoum SR. Malaria acute renal failure. J Am Soc Nephrol 2000;11:2147-54.
- Wilairatana P, Westerlund EK, Aursudkij B, Vannaphan S, Rudsood S, Viriyavejakul P, et al. Treatment of malarial acute renal failure by hemodialysis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1999; 60(2):233-7.