Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development

Ankita Komal Labh ¹, S. Rajeshkumar ², Anitha Roy ², J. Santhoshkumar ³, T. Lakshmi ²

Affiliations
1 Undergraduate Student, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Researcher, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Background: Candida albicans is known to cause a variety of diseases like oral candidiasis, vaginal candidiasis, invasive candidiasis etc. Although there are anti-fungal drugs in use for the treatment of these diseases, alternative medicine is required for their prophylaxis and improved prognosis. For this purpose, silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) can be used as antifungal agents. They are already in use as anti-microbial and anti-fungal agents in agriculture and can potentially be used as targeted drugs for the human body. The aim of this research is to study the anti-fungal efficacy of silver nanoparticles synthesised using a herbal formulation of Androgrophis paniculata and Moringa olifera against Candida albicans.

Materials and Method: Herbal formulation was created using the leaves of Androgrophis paniculata and Moringa olifera. Silver nitrate solution was added to this and the solution was transferred to an orbital shaker for silver nanoparticle preparation. The powder of Ag-NPs was created. The bioreduction of pure AgNO₃ was characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy. Candida albicans was isolated using serial dilution method and a fresh fungal suspension was dispersed on Rose Bengal agar. Both disc diffusion and agar well diffusion methods were used. Different concentrations of Ag-NPs (50, 100 and 150 microliter) were incorporated into the wells, discs, and plates and these were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. The antifungal agents were used as positive control. Zone of inhibition was recorded in each plate. Proper documentation methods were used.

Results: Colour change was seen after the preparation of silver nanoparticles. The peak in UV-vis spectroscopy was seen to be at 400 nm. The zone of inhibition was seen to increase with an increase in the concentration of Ag-NPs in the agar wells. The plate dispersed with the highest concentration of Ag-NPs had the lowest cultural population.

Conclusion: The herbal synthesis of Ag-NPs is highly eco-friendly and should be practised more than chemical synthesis of the same. The antifungal activity of Ag-NPs was comparably effective to the control used and in the future they can be administered as an antifungal drug for the prophylaxis and treatment of various types of Candidiasis.

Keywords

Antifungal, Silver Nanoparticles, Candida albicans, Androgrophis paniculata, Moringa olifera.

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K. Sathvika ¹, S. Rajeshkumar ², Anitha Roy ², J. Santhoshkumar ³, T. Lakshmi ², Deepa Gurunathan ⁴

Affiliations
1 Undergraduate Student, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Researcher, Department of Biotechnology, School of biosciences and technology, VIT, Vellore - 632014, Tamil Nadu, IN
4 Professor, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Background: When left unchecked, dental pathogens cause chronic diseases like periodontitis and dental caries that lead to the irreversible loss of tooth structure. However, with proper prophylactic measures, we can inhibit the excessive proliferation of pathogenic oral flora. The aim of this study was to examine the plausible antibacterial potential of silver nanoparticles synthesized using neem and Aloe vera against four dental pathogens - Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus and the Enterococcus and Pseudomonas species.

Materials and Method: Leaves of Azadirachta indica and Aloe vera were made into a filtered herbal formulation. A metallic solution of silver nitrate was added to it and the conjunction was kept in an orbital shaker for the synthesis of nanoparticles. After centrifugation, the resultant pellet was powdered. The agar well diffusion method was used to determine the antibacterial efficacy of Ag-NPs. Fresh bacterial suspensions of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, the Enterococcus and the Pseudomonas species were dispersed on the surface of Muller-Hinton agar containing plates. Ag-NP concentrations of (25, 50 & 100) μl were incorporated into the wells and the plates were then incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. Antibiotics were used as a positive control. The zone of inhibition was recorded for each plate

Results: A colour change was observed after the synthesis of Ag-NPs. The prepared particles were then characterised by a peak seen at 425 nm in UV-vis-spectroscopy. The zone of inhibition increased in size with an increase in Ag-NP concentration. They increased in the order of: Staphylococcus aureus, the Enterococcus species, Streptococcus mutans and the Pseudomonas species - with Staphylococcus aureus being the smallest and the Pseudomonas species being the largest.

Conclusion: Ag-NPs synthesized using neem and Aloe vera is an effective antibacterial agent against Streptococcus mutans and the Pseudomonas species. It is eco-friendly, rapid, easy to synthesize and effective. These Ag-NPs are a non-toxic solution for multiple-drug resistant bacteria.

Keywords

Silver Nanoparticles, Neem, Aloe vera, Antibacterial, Dental Pathogens.

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K. Kiran ¹, S. Rajeshkumar ², Anitha Roy ², J. Santhoshkumar ³, T. Lakshmi ²

Affiliations
1 Undergraduate Student, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Researcher, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Background: The present work mainly deals with the study pertaining to the synthesis, characterization and evaluation of copper nanoparticles using avocado. The copper nanoparticles were synthesized by using a rapid, single step and completely green synthesis method.

Materials and Method: The synthesized copper nanoparticles were characterized by using various instrumental techniques such as ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope). The synthesized copper nanoparticles were found to be spherical in shape with average diameter of 35.6 nm. The synthesized nanoparticle solution is primarily characterized by using UV-vis-spectroscopy, 3mL of the solution is taken in cuvette and scanned in double beam UV-vis spectrophotometer from 300 nm to 700 nm wavelength.

Results: In the UV-vis spectrum, a single, strong and broad surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak was observed at 420 nm that confirmed the synthesis of AgNPs. Transmission electron microscope result showed 2-6 nm difference.

Conclusion: The present study shows that aqueous seeds extract of Avocado can be used efficiently for the synthesis of copper nanoparticles at room temperature. The synthesized copper nanoparticles were found to be stable at room temperature. The green synthesized method is convenient, eco-friendly and can be applied in various applications and the use of Avocado has added advantages that the plant has many medicinal properties.

Keywords

Green Synthesis, Nano-Medicine, Avocado, Cytotoxicity.

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A. Trishala ¹, T. Lakshmi ², S. Rajeshkumar ², Deepa Gurunathan ³, R. V. Geetha ⁴, Anitha Roy ²

Affiliations
1 Undergraduate Student, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, SIMATS, Saveetha University Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, SIMATS, Saveetha University Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Professor, Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, SIMATS, Saveetha University Chennai, Tamilnadu, IN
4 Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College, SIMATS, Saveetha University Chennai, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

Introduction: Acacia catechu has a great importance due to its medicinal properties. It is a historical plant; widely used in traditional medicine especially in Asia. The bark of this plant is strong antioxidant, astringent, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and antifungal in nature. It is used as mouthwash for mouth, gum, sore throat, gingivitis, dental and oral infections. It is also helpful in numerous women related problems. It also has abundant anti-microbial properties. This study aims at evaluating the physicochemical profile of Acacia catechu bark extract in order to make optimum use of the extract for therapeutic purposes.

Materials and Method: The plant material of Acacia catechu was shade dried at a temperature range of 20° to 30° C for about 2 weeks. The dried sample was then powdered in a grinding mill. The obtained powder was used for physico chemical analysis and for extraction using solvents.

Results: Ash value was found to be 12.7%. Acid insoluble & soluble content of the plant material was found to 1.67 & 6.26 %. The percentage weight of loss on drying or moisture content was found to be 7.245%. Extractive values found, are tabulated for different solvent systems. Ethanol 95 % showed 2.436 %.

Conclusion: Acacia catechu was characterized on the basis of the physicochemical parameters. The present work will, thus, provide helpful information on the quality of these herbal materials to ensure genuineness, safety and efficacy prior incorporation in pharmaceutical formulations.

Keywords

Acacia catechu, Solubility, Applications.

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Nivedhaa Chezhian ¹, Lakshmi Thangavelu ², S. Rajeshkumar ², Deepa Gurunathan ³, R. V. Geetha ⁴, Anitha Roy ²

Affiliations
1 Undergraduate Student, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, SIMATS, Saveetha University Chennai, Tamilnadu, IN
2 Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, SIMATS, Saveetha University Chennai, Tamilnadu, IN
3 Professor, Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, SIMATS, Saveetha University Chennai, Tamilnadu, IN
4 Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College, SIMATS, Saveetha University Chennai, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

Aim: The aim is to study the interaction of Indole alkaloids against 2 oral carcinoma drug target by insilico docking using iGemdock tool.

Background: In this generation, technology has become so advanced that we are able to now achieve what was believed 20 years ago to be impossible. One such advancement is the in silico interactions. It is a virtual screening which enables us to bind two compounds and check the affinity of the binding. This helps us to first screen the activity of the two compounds before money, time and energy is spent in manually performing the activity and then arriving at a failure. We will be able to concentrate on the compounds which show us positive results in the in silico interactions, thus helping us in conserving time, expenditure and energy. Materials &

Method: The Oral carcinoma drug targets were identified by literature search and its 3D structure was downloaded from RCSB PDB (Protein Data Bank), which is a crystallographic database for the three-dimensional structural data of large biological molecules.

Results: From the above analysis it shows that ajmalicine shows good interaction with both the receptors also shows best fitness energy.

Keywords

Indole Alkaloids, Oral Carcinoma, Drug Target, Insilico Docking, Medication.

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C. Cinthura ¹, Lakshmi Thangavelu ², S. Rajeshkumar ², Deepa Gurunadhan ³, R. Pradeep Kumar ⁴, Anitha Roy ²

Affiliations
1 Undergraduate Student, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, SIMATS, Saveetha University Chennai, Tamilnadu, IN
2 Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, SIMATS, Saveetha University Chennai, Tamilnadu, IN
3 Professor, Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, SIMATS, Saveetha University Chennai, Tamilnadu, IN
4 Professor, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, SIMATS, Saveetha University Chennai, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

Aim: To analyse the COX2 inhibitory activity of Abutilon indicum.

Objective: The main objective of this study is to analyse the COX2 inhibitory activity of Abutilon indicum.

Background: Prostaglandins are important mediators of the body’s response to pain and inflammation, and are formed from essential fatty acids found in cell membranes. This reaction is catalysed by cyclooxygenase, a membrane associated enzyme in two isoforms - COX-1 and COX-2. Abutilon indicum ,commonly known as the Indian mallow is well known for its therapeutic values and further study of its COX-2 inhibitory activity is beneficial.

Conclusion: Medicinal plants and shrubs which have little or no side effects have to be further investigated. Further study on its COX-2 inhibition will increase its therapeutic value also as an anti-inflammatory with added benefits

Keywords

Ethnomedicinal, Anti-Arthritic, COX2 Inhibition, Medicinal Uses, Prostaglandin.

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Gayathri Karthikeyan ¹, T. Lakshmi ², S. Rajeshkumar ², Anitha Roy ², Deepa Gurunadhan ³, R. V. Geetha ⁴, R. Pradeep Kumar ⁵

Affiliations
1 Undergraduate Student, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, SIMATS, Saveetha University Chennai, Tamilnadu, IN
2 Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, SIMATS, Saveetha University Chennai, Tamilnadu, IN
3 Professor, Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, SIMATS, Saveetha University Chennai, Tamilnadu, IN
4 Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College, SIMATS, Saveetha University Chennai, Tamilnadu,, IN
5 Professor, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, SIMATS, Saveetha University Chennai, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

Introduction: Ficus racemosa is widely used in ayurvedic medicine in India, mostly as fruits and bark decoction to treat uncontrolled diabetes, the objective of this study is to study the uptake of glucose in L6 myotubes by Ficus racemosa.

Background: Diabetes is a common metabolic disease characterized by abnormally high plasma glucose levels, leasing to major complications, such as diabetic neuropathy, retinopathy and cardiovascular disease. Presently available oral hypoglycaemic agents exhibit several side effects. Therefore, there is a need for more effective oral antihyperglycemic agent, particularly those that normalize both insulin and glucose levels.

Method: Cell culture: L6, a mono layer myoblast culture (obtained from NCCS, Pune-Passageno-19) was cultured in the DMEM. In vitro glucose uptake activity: Glucose uptake assay was followed by the methodology of (Gupta et al).

Result: It was observed from the results that Ficus racemosa extract at different concentrations exhibited substantial degree of glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells, which was compared with that of Standard Metformin. A maximum glucose uptake of 53% was observed for ficus 30mg/ml, whereas metformin exhibited 61% of glucose uptake. The IC50 of ficus extract and metformin was found to be 2.57mg/ml and 1.79mg/ml respectively.

Conclusion: From the study that was conducted above it can be concluded that Ficus racemosa had a better glucose uptake compared to the with that of Standard Metformin used by diabetic patients.

Keywords

Ficus racemose, Glucose, l6 Motube, Uptake, Myoblast.

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T. Nandhini ¹, T. Lakshmi ², S. Rajeshkumar ², Anitha Roy ², R. V. Geetha ³

Affiliations
1 Undergraduate Student, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, SIMATS, Saveetha University Chennai, Tamilnadu, IN
2 Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, SIMATS, Saveetha University Chennai, Tamilnadu, IN
3 Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College, SIMATS, Saveetha University Chennai, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

To investigate seed germination assay of Hemidesmus indicus ethanolic ischolar_main extract by an invitro study.It is a slender, laticiferous, twining, sometimes prostrate or semi-erect shrub. Roots are woody and aromatic. The stem is numerous, slender, terete, thickened at the nodes. The leaves are opposite, short-petioled, very variable, elliptic-oblong to linear- lanceolate. The flowers are greenish outside, purplish inside, crowded in sub-sessile axillary cyme. Seed germination study is an novel cost effective method in tissue culture techniques.

Keywords

Seed Germination, Hemidismus indicus, Ethanolic Root, Novel Technique.

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T. Sai Sandhya ¹, T. Lakshmi ², S. Rajeshkumar ², Anitha Roy ², Deepa Gurunathan ³, R. V. Geetha ⁴, R. Pradeep Kumar ⁵

Affiliations
1 Undergraduate Student, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, IN
2 Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, IN
3 Professor, Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, IN
4 Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, IN
5 Professor, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

Introduction: Drug abuse is an extreme desire to obtain and use increasing amounts of one or more substances. Drug abuse indicates the following risk factors for developing drug abuse problems include poor relationships with parents, inadequate supervision over adolescent activities, poor achievement in schools and so on.

Materials & Method: An online survey comprising 17 questions was administered to the participants of age group 14-19.The results are statistically analysed.

Results and Discussion: From the survey conducted, it is analysed that 67%of the adolescents have attended many drug awareness programmes. 45% of them say that alcoholism and drug addiction are genetically inherited.

Conclusion: The abuse of alcohol and drugs has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality among adolescents worldwide.School-based health centers should have the capacity to counsel students who are in need of such treatment plans and connect students to available community resources.

Keywords

Drug Abuse, Poor Relationship, Marijuana, Health Centre, Community.

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S. Tanish Ahamad ¹, T. Lakshmi ², S. Rajeshkumar ², Anitha Roy ², Deepa Gurunadhan ³, R. V. Geetha ⁴

Affiliations
1 Undergraduate Student, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, IN
2 Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, IN
3 Professor, Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, IN
4 Associate Professor,Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College, SIMATS, Saveetha University Chennai, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate Anti-Microbial Activity of taxifolin isolated from Acacia catechu leaf extract against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus.

Objectives: The study is to determine the antimicrobial activity of taxifolin isolated Acacia catechu leaf extract against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus.

Background: An anti microbial is a agent that kills or inhibits the growth of micro organism such as bacteria and fungi. Acacia catechu also commonly called Mimosa catechu, is a deciduous, thorny tree which grows up to 15 m (50 ft) in height. Acacia catechu traditionally used for curing many diseases and commonly for mother and child healthcare. Taxifolin is the main constituent of Acacia catechu which possesses antifungal, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activity.

Reason: This study is to evaluate the anti microbial activity of Acacia catechu against micro organisms such as Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus. This may help in development of health products without artificial chemical agent.

Keywords

Antimicrobial, Herbal, Antibacterial, Acacia, S. mutans, L. acidophilus.

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M. Jeevitha ¹, S. Rajeshkumar ²

Affiliations
1 Senior Lecturer, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Background: Green synthesis of nanoparticles using plant extract, bacteria, fungi and enzymes are ecofriendly and cost effective which do not need high pressure, energy, temperature and toxic chemicals for its synthesis protocol.

Materials and Method: In this report, we used the extract of marine brown algae Spatoglossum asperum to synthesize silver nanoparticles and were characterized using UV-visible spectrophotometer, TEM, XRD and FTIR and were also tested for their antimicrobial activity.

Results: These biosynthesized silver nanoparticles exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens namely, Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans and can be developed as a novel medicine against pathogenic oral diseases.

Conclusion: With increasing demand in advancements in diagnosis and treatment modalities, green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using marine brown algae Spatoglossum asperum has potent antimicrobial action have wider applications in dentistry.

Keywords

Spatoglossum asperum, Silver Nanoparticles, Marine Algae, Green Synthesis, Antimicrobial Activity.

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B. Sowmya ¹, S. Venkat Kumar ¹, S. Karpagambigai ², P. Jacquline Rosy ³, J. Santhoshkumar ¹, S. Rajeshkumar ⁴

Affiliations
1 Nanotherapy Lab, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, IN
2 Assistant Professor, Departmant of Chemistry, Global Institute of Engineering and Technology, Vellore, TN, IN
3 Assistant Professor, Dept. of Chemistry, IFET College of Engineering, Villupuram, TN, IN
4 Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai, TN, IN

Abstract

Background: The silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have a significant range of application in the field of biomedical technology. This can be subjected in agriculture by biological synthesis method using microbes which may inhibit disease-causing pathogens in agriculture, typically it confused on management of pathogens.

Materials and Method: In this present investigation, Rhizobium sp. was isolated from cultivable soil sample for the synthesis of AgNPs. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized using UVVisible spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy shows regular circular shape of AgNPs followed by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometers confirms the presences of elemental composition of materials. Transmission electron microscopy was done for the structural analysis and the surface study of synthesized AgNPs was studies by Atomic forced microscopy.

Results: The surface plasmon resonances at 425 nm confirm the AgNPs formation and morphology of the nanoparticles are polydispersed with 25-70 nm in size confirmed by the microscopic techniques. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were examined against disease-causing fungal pathogens such as Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus fumigatus in which Candida Albicans showed a maximum zone of inhibition of 15 mm at 75 μL of AgNPs.

Conclusion: Finally, the silver nanoparticles were used to perform free radicals scavenging activity.

Keywords

Antifungal Activity, Antioxidant Activity, Biosynthesis, Rhizobium sp, Silver Nanoparticles.

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J. Kalaimathi ¹, B. Sridevi ¹, S. Ananthi ¹, J. Nasrin ¹, M. Suriya ¹, S. Rajeshkumar ²

Affiliations
1 Associate Professor, PG Department of Biochemistry, Theivanai Ammal College for Women (Autonomous), Villupuram – 605401, TN, IN
2 Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Chennai - 600077, TN, IN

Abstract

Background: Among the metal nanoparticles Zinc oxide nanoparticles have more applications in many areas, including biomedical, materials science, and environmental technology. Soybean is one of the important commercial crops due to the presence of protein, oil, carbohydrates, minerals, saponins and isoflavonoids such as genistein and daidzein.

Materials and Merhod: In this present study we synthesis the Zinc oxide nanoparticles by using glycine max seed extract. We examine the size and morphology of synthesized Zinc oxide nanoparticles by using UV-visSpectrophotometer, X-ray Diffraction (XRD).

Results: Herein, the Zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by using seed extracts of glycine max with in 6h and the size of the Zinc oxide nanoparticles ranges from 70-90 and predominantly spherical shapes with crystalline nature. Elemental analysis of Zinc oxide nanoparticles was characterized by EDX.

Conclusion: The synthesized Zinc oxide nanoparticles from glycine max exhibit excellent antimicrobial activity against different clinically isolated fungi such as Aspergillus flavis, Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans, and Fusarium sp.

Keywords

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles, Green Synthesis, Antifungal, Microscopy,

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S. Rajeshkumar ¹, M. Tharani ², M. Jeevitha ³, J. Santhoshkumar ⁴

Affiliations
1 Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Researcher, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Senior Lecturer, Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
4 Researcher, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Background: Biosynthesis of metallic nanoparticles for its medical applications has become a major focus in nanotechnology in the recent years. Aloe vera has a wide spectrum of medicinal applications due to its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer and wound healing properties. Copper oxide nanoparticles have effective antimicrobial action against a wide range of pathogens and also dug resistant bacteria.

Materials and Method: In the present study, Aloe vera gel is used to synthesize copper oxide nanoparticles and were characterized using UV-visible spectrophotometry and FT-IR. The anticariogenic activity of oral pathogens namely, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas sp, were also tested.

Results: UV absorption spectra of the synthesized nanoparticles revealed an intense surface plasmon resonance between 250 and 300. The functional groups in the copper oxide nanoparticles were determined by FT-IR and these also shown to have potent anticariogenic activity.

Conclusion: Copper oxide nanoparticles synthesized using Aloe vera gel shown to have an excellent anticariogenic activity and has a wide array of dental applications.

Keywords

Copper Oxide Nanoparticles, Aloe vera, Green Synthesis, Anticariogenic.

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V. Deepak Nallaswamy ¹, Anitha Roy ², S. Rajeshkumar ², Lakshmi Thangavelu ², Devaraj Ezhilarasan ², M. Subha ³

Affiliations
1 Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Associate Professor, Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Introduction: Prosthetic complete dentures are commonly used by elderly people. These dentures on exposure to the oral environment forms biofilms. This harbours microorganisms and cause bacterial and fungal infections in the oral mucosa. Also cleansing the denture itself is a task for the elderly people. Any solution which clears the adhered component would help them better. Hence effervecense is a better choice to remove the biofilm.

Aim: To prepare effervescent denture cleansing granules with clove oil and to evaluate its antibacterial activity.

Materials and Method: The effervescent granules were prepared from citric acid, tartaric acid and sodium bicarbonate in a ratio of 1: 2: 3. Different concentrations of essential oil were mixed with sodium bicarbonate initially. The citric acid crystals were initially powered and then mixed with tartaric acid. Both these powders were mixed using geometric dilution, further sieved and packed in air tight glass container. The prepared clove effervescent denture cleansing granules were tested against Streptococcus mutants and Enterococcus faecalis after dissolving in sterile water. The fresh bacterial suspension was dispersed on the surface of nutrient agar plates. Different concentration of clove effervescent denture cleansing solution (50, 100 and 150 L) was incorporated into the wells and the plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 h. Zone of inhibition was recorded in each plate. Similarly the antifungal activity was evaluated using rose Bengal agar medium after inoculating with Candida albicans and incorporating the prepared effervescent denture cleansing solution.

Result: Clove mediated effervescent granules showed a dose dependent antibacterial activity against the tested microorganism with a maximum effect on Streptococcus mutans followed by Enterococcus faecalis. The different concentration showed similar inhibition in case of C. albicans.

Conclusion: The prepared clove mediated effervescent denture cleansing granules were found to be effective against S.mutans, E. faecalis and C. albicans . Hence it may be used for routine cleansing of denture to protect the denture users from infections such as denture stomatitis.

Keywords

Clove Oil, Effervescent Granules, Denture Cleanser, Denture Stomatitis.

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V. Deepak Nallaswamy ¹, Anitha Roy ², S. Rajeshkumar ², Lakshmi Thangavelu ², Devaraj Ezhilarasan ², M. Subha ³

Affiliations
1 Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College,Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College,Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Reader, Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, Saveetha Dental College,Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate the antibacterial activity of dill oil mediated effervescent denture cleansing granules.

Materials and Method: The components such as citric acid, tartaric acid and sodium bicarbonate were taken in a ratio of 1: 2: 3 to prepare the effervescent granules by dry method. The citric acid crystals were powered first and then mixed with tartaric acid. Dill oil was mixed with sodium bicarbonate initially. Both the powders were mixed using geometric dilution, further sieved and packed in air tight containers. Different concentrations of the prepared dill effervescent denture cleansing solution was tested against Streptococcus mutants and Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans in their respective medium and the zone of inhibition was was recorded after incubation over night at 37° c.

Result: The effervescent granules prepared with dill oil showed good antibacterial activity against the tested microorganism such as Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans.

Conclusion: The effervescent denture cleansing granules prepared with dill oil were found to be effective against S. mutans, E. faecalis and Candida albicans. Hence it may be used for routine cleansing of denture to protect the denture users from infections such as denture stomatitis.

Keywords

Dill Oil, Effervescent Granules, Denture Cleanser, Denture Stomatitis.

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Deepak Nallaswamy Veeraiyan ¹, Lakshminarayanan Arivarasu ², Anitha Roy ², S. Rajeshkumar ², Lakshmi Thangavelu ², Devaraj Ezhilarasan ², M. Subha ³

Affiliations
1 Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Associate Professor, Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Aim: To prepare and evaluate the antibacterial activity of Coconut oil-mediated effervescent denture cleansing granules.

Materials and Method: The components such as citric acid, tartaric acid and sodium bicarbonate were taken in a ratio of 1: 2: 3 to prepare the effervescent granules by dry method. The citric acid crystals were powered first and then mixed with tartaric acid. Coconut oil was mixed with sodium bicarbonate initially. Both the powders were mixed using geometric dilution, further sieved and packed in air tight containers. Different concentrations of the prepared Coconut oil effervescent denture cleansing solution was tested against Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans in their respective medium and the zone of inhibition was recorded after incubation overnight at 37° c.

Result: The effervescent granules prepared using Coconut oil showed good dose dependent antimicrobial activity against the tested microorganism such as Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans.

Conclusion: The effervescent denture cleansing granules prepared with Coconut oil were found to be active against S. mutans, E. faecalis and Candida albicans at higher concentrations. Hence it may be used for routine cleansing of denture to protect the denture users from infections such as denture stomatitis.

Keywords

Coconut Oil, Effervescent Granules, Denture Cleanser, Denture Stomatitis.

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Deepak Nallaswamy Veeraiyan ¹, Lakshminarayan Arivarasu ², Anitha Roy ², S. Rajeshkumar ², Lakshmi Thangavelu ², Ezhilarasan Devaraj ², M. Subha ³

Affiliations
1 Professor, Departmentof Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Associate Professor, Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of oregano oil mediated effervescent denture cleansing granules.

Materials and Method: Effervescent granules were prepared using citric acid, tartaric acid and sodium bicarbonate in a ratio of 1: 2: 3 by dry method. The citric acid crystals were powdered first and then mixed with tartaric acid. Oregano Oil was mixed with sodium bicarbonate and incorporated with the acid by geometric dilution. It was then sieved and packed in airtight containers. Different concentrations of the prepared oregano effervescent denture cleansing solution was tested against Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans and the zone of inhibition was measured.

Result: The effervescent granules prepared with oregano oil showed good antimicrobial activity against the tested microorganisms such as Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans.

Conclusion: The effervescent denture cleansing granules prepared with oregano oil were found to be active against the test organisms especially against E faecalis.Hence it may be used for routine cleansing of denture to protect the denture users from infections such as denture stomatitis.

Keywords

Oregano Oil, Effervescent Granules, Denture Cleanser, Denture Stomatitis.

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S. Shreelakshmi ¹, Srisakthi Doraikannan ², I. Meignana Arumugham Indiran ³, S. Rajeshkumar ⁴

Affiliations
1 Post Graduate Student, Nano Bio Science Lab, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IN
2 Reader, Nano Bio Science Lab, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IN
3 Professor, Nano Bio Science Lab, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IN
4 Reader, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Aim: This study was conducted to comparatively evaluate the bleaching efficacy of Carbamide Peroxide, Fluoridated Carbamide Peroxide and Nanohydroxyapatite reinforced Carbamide Peroxide.

Material and Methodology: An in-vitro experimental study was carried out on 18 sound human maxillary fully erupted Premolars extracted stored in phosphate buffer saline solution (PBS). They were segregated in to 3 Groups (Group I , Group II and Group II) consisting of 6 samples in each group. Their UV transmission wavelengths between 380-780 were determined using Spectrophotometer. The samples of the three groups were subjected to bleaching treatments with 10% Carbamide Peroxide, Fluoridated Carbamide Peroxide and Nanohydroxyapatite reinforced Carbamide Peroxide respectively. Spectrophotometric analysis was carried out and data were tabulated in Microsoft Excel for transferred to SPSS for analysis.

Results: It was observed that the bleaching procedure significantly changes the enamel translucency, making it opaquer. It was found in our study that Fluoridated Carbamide Peroxide has a superior bleaching efficacy showing a mean value of 0.4 ± 0.88 prior treatment which increased to 3.3 ± 2.32 post treatment with the bleaching agent than Nanohydroxyapatite reinforced Carbamide Peroxide. The efficacy of 10% carbamide peroxide was found to have least efficacy. The study showed that the mean value of samples in group III was the highest (3.3 ± 2.32) followed by group II (1.9±0.43) and group I (1.7 ± 2.26).

Conclusion: Fluoridated Carbamide Peroxide had superior bleaching effect compared with Nanohydroxyapatite reinforced Carbamide Peroxide.10% carbamide peroxide was found to have the least efficacy than other combinations

Keywords

Nanohydroxyapatite, Fluoridated Carbamide Peroxide, Human Extracted Premolars, Teeth Bleaching, Invitro Trial.Nanohydroxyapatite, Fluoridated Carbamide Peroxide, Human Extracted Premolars, Teeth Bleaching, Invitro Trial.

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S. Shreelakshmi ¹, Srisakthi Doraikannan ², I. Meignana Arumugham Indiran ³, S. Rajeshkumar ⁴

Affiliations
1 Post Graduate Student, Nano Bio Science Lab, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IN
2 Reader, Nano Bio Science Lab, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IN
3 Professor, Nano Bio Science Lab, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IN
4 Reader, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Aim: This study was conducted to comparatively evaluate the bleaching efficacy of Carbamide Peroxide, Fluoridated Carbamide Peroxide and Nanohydroxyapatite reinforced Carbamide Peroxide.

Material and Methodology: An in-vitro experimental study was carried out on 18 sound human maxillary fully erupted Premolars extracted stored in phosphate buffer saline solution (PBS). They were segregated in to 3 Groups (Group I , Group II and Group II) consisting of 6 samples in each group. Their UV transmission wavelengths between 380-780 were determined using Spectrophotometer. The samples of the three groups were subjected to bleaching treatments with 10% Carbamide Peroxide, Fluoridated Carbamide Peroxide and Nanohydroxyapatite reinforced Carbamide Peroxide respectively. Spectrophotometric analysis was carried out and data were tabulated in Microsoft Excel for transferred to SPSS for analysis.

Results: It was observed that the bleaching procedure significantly changes the enamel translucency, making it opaquer. It was found in our study that Fluoridated Carbamide Peroxide has a superior bleaching efficacy showing a mean value of 0.4 ± 0.88 prior treatment which increased to 3.3 ± 2.32 post treatment with the bleaching agent than Nanohydroxyapatite reinforced Carbamide Peroxide. The efficacy of 10% carbamide peroxide was found to have least efficacy. The study showed that the mean value of samples in group III was the highest (3.3 ± 2.32) followed by group II (1.9±0.43) and group I (1.7 ± 2.26).

Conclusion: Fluoridated Carbamide Peroxide had superior bleaching effect compared with Nanohydroxyapatite reinforced Carbamide Peroxide.10% carbamide peroxide was found to have the least efficacy than other combinations

Keywords

Nanohydroxyapatite, Fluoridated Carbamide Peroxide, Human Extracted Premolars, Teeth Bleaching, Invitro Trial.Nanohydroxyapatite, Fluoridated Carbamide Peroxide, Human Extracted Premolars, Teeth Bleaching, Invitro Trial.

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