Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development

Satya Ranjan Misra ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Oral Medicine & Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, IN

Abstract

When there is premature fusion of sutures in the cranial bone, it is called Craniosynostosis. There are many syndromes arising from craniosynostosis, among them Crouzon syndrome is the most common. It is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait but has variable features, characterized by mid-face hypoplasia, exophthalmos, and small maxilla with a prognathic mandible. Fibroblast growth factor receptor-2 gene (FGFR-2) mutation is the cause of this condition and the affected individuals with abnormally shaped heads are a therapeutic challenge for the dentist.

Keywords

Craniosynostosis, Crouzon Syndrome, Exophthalmos, Prognathic Mandible.

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Satya Ranjan Misra ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Oral Medicine & Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar-751003, Odisha, IN

Abstract

Pemphigus represents a group of auto-immune muco-cutaneous, potentially fatal vesiculo-bullous-ulcerative characterized by intraepithelial acantholysis. Pemphigus vulgaris is the most frequently occurring subtype and is often diagnosed by the oral physician from the oral mucosal ulceration which are often the only manifestation in this disease. The pathogenesis involves, production of immunoglobulin G auto-antibodies against the desmoglein 1 glycoproteins present on the desmosomes. Since this disease can be life threatening if it is progresses, early diagnosis and prompt treatment is a priority. Immunosuppressants remain the mainstay of the therapeutic interventions and many patients recover to lead a normal life.

Keywords

Auto-Immune Disease, Desmoglein 3, Vesiculo-Bullous Lesions, Immunosuppressants.

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Satya Ranjan Misra ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Oral Medicine & Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, IN

Abstract

Hemorrhagic bullae, petechiae, hematoma, ecchymoses in the oral mucosa with unprovoked uncontrolled gingival bleeding is often a cause of concern for the dentist as it indicates an impaired bleeding or clotting mechanism. Such patients are seeking dental treatment are a therapeutic challenge and the dentists are not especially trained to handle the complications that could arise due to hematologic disorders. More so, investigations for the diagnosis of these disorders are not readily available in a dental set up as well. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is a relatively common bleeding disorder, which occurs due to impaired production or pronounced destruction of platelets. Though the cause is uncertain, immune related mechanisms, drugs and infections may be implicated. The disease is often diagnosed based on the history and clinical examination, backed by complete blood counts and a peripheral blood smear examination.

Keywords

Bleeding Disorder, Hemorrhage, Platelet Defects.

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Satya Ranjan Misra ¹, Swagatika Panda ², Subrat Padhiary ³, Subhangi Pareek ², Saswati Priyadarshini ¹, Neeta Mohanty ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, IN
2 Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, IN
3 Department of Oral Surgery, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, IN

Abstract

Dentinogenic ghost cell tumor DGCT) is a rare, locally invasive and aggressive, benign odontogenic neoplasm which is considered to be a solid variant of calcifying odontogenic cyst COC) with locally aggressive behavior.These resemble other epithelial odontogenic tumors having proliferation of odontogenic epithelium, an abnormal keratinization in the form of ghost cells and dysplastic dentine. There are no characteristic clinical or radiologic pathognomonic features of this rare neoplasm and is confirmed by histopathological evaluation. The present report describes an extremely rare presentation of a DGCT in the posterior body-ramus of the mandible of a 13-year-old male child, which is an unusual age of occurrence.

Keywords

Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst, Dentine, Ghost Cells, Aggressive Tumor.

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Satya Ranjan Misra ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Oral Medicine & Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, IN

Abstract

The maxilla and mandible are unique compared to other bones in the body in more ways than one. They develop from migration of cells from the neuroectoderm in the embryo making them embryologically unique. The anatomy of the maxilla and mandible is also unusual as they bear tooth buds which eventually form teeth. Diseases arising in other bones also affect the jaw bones, in addition to those osteogenic diseases, they also get afflicted by various odontogenic lesions which has bizarre manifestations. Not only that metabolic diseases can manifest in the jaw bones, metals and chemicals also affect the jaw bones and the oral cavity. In this paper, a brief description of the metals, chemicals and osteodystrophies on the orofacial region is discussed to increase awareness among dentists about the said diseases.

Keywords

Bone Disease, Metabolic Defects, Oral Manifestations, Osteodystrophy.

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Satya Ranjan Misra ¹, G. Maragathavalli ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Oral Medicine & Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, IN
2 Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Wegener’s granulomatosis (WG) is an uncommon idiopathic, systemic inflammatory disease which is characterized by necrotizing granulomatous inflammation and pauci-immune small vessel vasculitis of the kidneys and respiratory tract resulting in significant tissue destruction. The clinical features are generally non-specific thereby posing a diagnostic challenge. Oralmanifestations of the disease are rare and again nonspecific. Oral ulceration and gingivalenlargement is often seen. Though some authors suggest a ‘strawberry’ like gingivitis to be acharacteristic sign of WG, it is not consistently seen in all cases. Histopathological evaluation of the lesion showing granulomatous inflammation may not be pathognomonic but helps inexclusion of other diseases but in conjunction with a positive anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) test confirms the diagnosis. The disease is not curable and hencetreatment is aimed at inducing and sustaining remission. Glucocorticoids with other immunosuppressants are the most accepted form of therapy.

Keywords

Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies, Immunosuppressants, Strawberry Gingivitis, Vasculitis.

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Satya Ranjan Misra ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Oral Medicine & Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, IN

Abstract

It is well known that oral mucosal symptoms and signs are seen in the beginning of haematologic disorders and therefore the patient reports to the dentist first before visiting any general physician or haematologist. Hence it is imperative that the general dentist or the oral physician must be aware of these oral changes so that there is prompt referral to the specialist ensuring a fast diagnosis and early intervention thereby reducing the morbidity and mortality which may be associated with such diseases, especially leukaemia. In this overview of common oral changes encountered in the haematologic disorders is discussed in brief, including all the important facts about the disease.

Keywords

Anaemia, Leukemia, Haemostatic Defects, Oral Manifestations.

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Satya Ranjan Misra ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Oral Medicine & Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, IN

Abstract

Many systemic diseases have their manifestations in the oral cavity which sometimes aids in the diagnosis of the systemic disease. It is imperative that, dentists or oral physicians ought to be aware of the different systemic diseases, the drugs that are given for their treatment and also the drug interactions in the patients with the said disease. Cardiac, respiratory and cardiac diseases are very common and many patients with such diseases report to the dentist with dental ailments. This overview aims at increasing the awareness regarding the cardiac, respiratory and renal diseases which have known oral manifestations.

Keywords

Cardiac Disease, Oral Manifestations, Systemic Disease.

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Satya Ranjan Misra ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Oral Medicine & Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, IN

Abstract

It is an established fact that the oral cavity is the diagnostic indicator to many gastro-intestinal diseases and nutritional deficiencies. Among the most frequently encountered gastro-intestinal diseases are inflammatory diseases like Crohns disease and chronic ulcerative colitis, gastro-intestinal reflux disease and dental erosion. Nutritional diseases manifest as pale, depapillated bald tongue, diffuse erythema in the oral mucosa and oral bleeding. This paper presents an overview to the different manifestations of nutritional deficiencies and gastro-intestinal diseases.

Keywords

Stomatitis, Glossitis, Perimolysis, Ulcerative Colitis.

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Rajat Panigrahi ¹, Abhishek Ranjan Pati ¹, Sanat Kumar Bhuyan ¹, Satya Ranjan Misra ¹, Smita R. Priyadarshini ¹, Basanta Kumar Choudhury ²

Affiliations
1 Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, IN
2 Department of Oral Medicine & Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, IN

Abstract

Osteoma is a benign slow growing tumour which commonly occurs in craniofacial bones. These tumoursoccur mainly due to proliferation of cancellous bone. It can be of peripheral, central or extra-skeletal type. In peripheral type which is described in this case report arises from the periosteom and is a very rare occurrence in the mandible. Osteomas are usually asymptomatic and can interfere with the aesthetics if they continue to grow to a larger size. These lesions are mostly discovered during routine clinical or in radiographs. Here we discuss a single large peripheral osteoma which arise from the right lower border of the mandibular body in a 50 yr old woman. This lesion caused a deformity of the facial region. Radiographic examination including IOPA, OPG and lateral oblique revealed a solitary radiopaque bony neoplasm. Incisional biopsy of the lesion confirmed the diagnosis to be an osteoma.

Keywords

Peripheral Osteoma, Mandible, Benign Bony Neoplasm.

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Satya Ranjan Misra ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Oral Medicine & Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, IN

Abstract

The human body functions with commands from the brain via the central nervous system and the endocrine system. The endocrine glands secrete the metabolically active hormones which have their effects on the body, bringing about growth, immunity, health and coping with stress are to name a few. As with other diseases, any dysfunction with endocrine system or metabolism affects the oral cavity with a myriad of manifestations, some of which are non-specific while others are pathognomonic. An overview of the common oral manifestations of endocrine and metabolic disorders is presented to enlighten the dentist regarding the various endocrine and metabolic diseases which can bring about oral changes.

Keywords

Endocrine Disorders, Metabolic Disturbances, Oral Manifestations.

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