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Bahjat, Shababa A.
- Molecular and Bacteriological Method for Identification of Lactose Fermenting Salmonella in Mosul Province
Authors
1 University of Mosul/ College of Science/ Department of Biology, Mosul, IQ
Source
Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, Vol 10, No 12 (2019), Pagination: 1428-1434Abstract
The genus Salmonella consists of more than 2570 antigenic types. Salmonella Paratyphi A, B, C and Salmonella typhi are known to be non-lactose fermenters and the cause of typhoid fever.
The present study aimed to implement molecular (polymerase chain reaction PCR) and routine bacteriological methods to identify 5 Salmonella isolates; 3 clinical and 2 foodborne isolates (obtained from poultry) in Mosul city. Primary biochemical reactions indicated a tentative identification of the bacteria as Salmonella spp. All isolates were identified using selective media (MacConkey, Salmonella-Shigella and XLD agar) in addition to gram stain, and the biochemical tests (Oxidase, Indole, Urease, Citrate utilization, and Triple Sugar Iron agar reaction).
Identification was confirmed using molecular genome with PCR. DNA was extracted directly from each sample and amplified using Salmonella- specific primers.
We hereby report an unusual case of two unusual lactose fermenting strains of Salmonella, one clinical and the others from a poultry sampling. Lactose fermenting Salmonellae cultured on MacConkey agar appeared as pink colonies following a 24 hrs. incubation period at 37 ° C. Prolonged incubation (i.e. 48 hrs.) resulted in the appearance of transparent colonies. There were no former reports, as far as we know on such lac+ Salmonella strains in Mosul city.
Isolation of lactose fermenting Salmonellae is critically vital because it could be overlooked or misdiagnosed. Therefore, there is a need of awareness of such unusual Salmonellae that may be misidentified as other members of Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia coli).
Identification of Salmonellae by Molecular PCR has proved to be a more convenient method that could be completed within 24-36 hrs. as compared to 3-8 days by routine bacteriologic methods.
Keywords
Lac +ve, Salmonellae, PCR Identification, Bacteriological Methods.- Assessment of Bacterial Pigments as Textile Colorants
Authors
1 University of Mosul/College of Science/Department of Biology/ Mosul, IQ
Source
Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, Vol 10, No 12 (2019), Pagination: 1565-1569Abstract
The textile industry is considered the second most polluting industry in the world. Synthetic nonbiodegradable petroleum-based dyes and toxic mordants play a major part in this pollution. Almost 20% of global water pollution has been associated with the textile dyeing practices. These controversies with the current environmental regulations, lead to a great demand for natural colors in food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, textiles and in the printing dye industry.
Recently, microbial pigments have been shown to be a promising alternative not only to synthetic dyes, but also to other biopigments derived from vegetables or animals as they are viewed as natural, non-toxic, have no seasonal production issues, offer excellent productivity, economical and most important they are ecofriendly.
An environmental screening of 77 samples was carried out for pigment production. Pigmented bacteria represented 55 (68%) of total samples with the highest percentage of pigmented bacteria found in air samples and the lowest percentage from water samples. Five potential pigmented isolates were chosen for pigment extraction and used for dyeing three types of fabrics - nylon, wool, and polyester. Furthermore, stability of dyes following treatment with acid, alkaline and detergents was studied to investigate the retention of dyes. Bacterial pigments in some unmordanted fabrics were retained 100% in cases of acid treatments while a small amount of discoloration was observed when subjected to alkali, or cold water and detergent. Apart from colorant, Serratia marcescens pigments demonstrated antibacterial activity against gram positive bacteria.
The current study demonstrated that coloring ability of the natural dyes can be compared to that of the synthetic dyes. Furthermore, these biochromes are also able to produce various shades similar to those of the synthetic dyes and express variable resistance to treatment with acid, alkaline and detergents.