Design of Rectangular Patch Antenna on the Hilbert Fractal-Shaped High Impedance Surface

The high Impedance Technique has emerged as a modern approach for high-gain microstrip antennas. A high impedance surface minimizes surface waves and provides increased gain. Instead of, a typical mushroom to design High Impedance Surface (HIS), fractal geometry can be used. Hilbert curve-based Fractal geometry minimizes physical length and keeps electrical length the same. In this work, three iterations of Hilbert curve-shaped HIS geometry are studied with emphasis on HIS application. Fractal facilitates multi-frequency operation from GSM 1800 MHz to 6 GHz Wireless applications. The antennas have a peak gain of 5.3 dbi. The simulation is conducted in HFSS, and the analysis is performed using reports like reflection coefficients, radiation patterns, and gain plots.