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- Physicochemical and Preliminary Phytochemical Studies on the Fruit of Terminalia chebula Retz.
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Authors
Affiliations
1 National Institute of Ayurvedic Pharmaceutical Research, Patiala-147001, Punjab, IN
2 Shobhit University, Meerut, UP, IN
1 National Institute of Ayurvedic Pharmaceutical Research, Patiala-147001, Punjab, IN
2 Shobhit University, Meerut, UP, IN
Source
Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry, Vol 3, No 4 (2010), Pagination: 844-846Abstract
The present communication attempts to evaluate the physicochemical and preliminary phytochemical studies on the fruit of Terminalia chebula Retz. Combretaceae family. Haritaki is semi-deciduous tree grows up to 24 meter in height. Terminalia Chebula is found throughout India chiefly in deciduous forests, on dry slopes up to 900m especially in Tamil Nadu, widely distributed through the greater parts of India, from Ravi eastwards to West Bengal and Assam, Bihar, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Deccan, West coast and Western Ghats. The plant is also reported in Sri Lanka, Nepal and Burma. Terminalia chebula is traditionally used in the formulation for anti-diabetic, antimicrobial, laxative, antiinflammatory, laxative, anti-fungal, cardiotonic, diuretic, hyperlipidemic activity. As there is no detailed standardisation work reported on fruit, the physicochemical parameters, preliminary phytochemical constants, toxic heavy metals, pesticide residue, and aflatoxin analysis are carried out. The study revealed specific identities for the particular crude drug which will be useful in identification and control to adulterations of the raw drug.Keywords
Extractive Values, Ayurvedic Drug, Toxic Metals, Physicochemical Studies.
- Self-Efficacy among HIV Positive Persons:The Role of Coping Processes and Social Support
Abstract Views :178 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Applied Psychology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, IN
1 Department of Applied Psychology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, IN
Source
IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences Review, Vol 6, No 2 (2018), Pagination: 205-210Abstract
A correlational study was carried out to explore the role of social support and ways of coping processes on self efficacy among HIV positive male persons. Sample of 159 persons with HIV having age between 15-40 years and those diagnosed as HIV positive before six months were selected. Tools used in the study were General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg & Williams, 1988); Ways of Coping Questionnaire (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984); Social Support Questionnaire (Nehra & Kulhara); and General Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale (Jerusalem & Schwarzer, 1981). Statistical analysis were made with the help of descriptive analysis and Pearson Product Moment method of correlation to study the hypotheses that there will be a significant relationship between coping processes and self efficacy, social support and self efficacy among HIV positive persons. Significant positive correlation between self-efficacy and social support has been found. Further significant positive correlations between self efficacy and ways of coping processes except planful problem solving have been found. Since self efficacy is essential for a person to live life at optimum level particularly in the case of persons with HIV that live life with stigma, stress and uncertainty, therefore it is necessary to study some psychological aspects that relate with self efficacy of a person at some point. From these psychological aspects, here we carried out a correlational study of self efficacy with social support and ways of coping processes among persons with HIVKeywords
Self-Efficacy, HIV Positive Persons, Processes, Social Support.References
- Dos Santos, W. M., De Mello Padoin, S. M., De Souza Magnago, T. S. B., De Lima Dalmolin, G., & Zuge, S. S. (2015). Factors involved between social support and self-efficacy in HIV-infected individuals. ScientiaMedica, 25(2), 2110-2115.
- Emlet, C. A., Shiu, C, Kim, H. J., & Fredriksen-Goldsen, K. (2017). Bouncing back: Resilience and mastery among HIV-positive older gay and bisexual men. The Gerontologist, 57(1), S40-S49.
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- Haugland, T., Wahl, A. K., Hofoss, D., & DeVon, H. A. (2016). Association between general self-efficacy, social support, cancer-related stress and physical health-related quality of life: Apath model study in patients with neuroendocrine tumors. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 14,11-11.
- Khamarko, K., Myers, J. J., & World Health Organization (2013). The influence of social support on the lives of HIV-infected. Individuals in Low-and Middle-income Countries.
- Kraaij, V., Garnefski, N., Schroevers, M. J., Van der Veek, S. M., Witlox, R., & Maes, S. (2008). Cognitive coping, goal self-efficacy and personal growth in HIV-infected men who have sex with men. Patient Education and Counseling, 72(2), 301 -304.
- Kumar, S., Mohanraj, R, Rao, D., Murray, K. R., & Manhart, L. E. (2015). Positive coping strategies and HlV-related stigma in south India. AIDS Patient Care and STDs,29(3), 157-163.
- Li, L., Lin, C, Liang, L. J., & Ji, G. (2016). Exploring coping and social support with gender and education among people living with HIV in China. AIDS and Behavior, 20(2), 317-324.
- Luszczynska, A., Mohamed, N. E., & Schwarzer, R (2005). Self-efficacy and social support predict benefit finding 12 months after cancer surgery: The mediating role of coping strategies. Psychology, Health and Medicine, 10(4), 365-375.
- MacDonell, K. K., Jacques-Tiura, A. J., Naar, S., & Fernandez, M. I. (2016). Predictors of self-reported adherence to antiretroviral medication in a multisite study of ethnic andracial minority HIV-positive youth. Journal ofPediatric Psychology, 41(A), 419-428.
- Mitchell, D. (2004). Stress, coping, and appraisal in an HIV-Seropositive rural sample: a testofthegoodness-of-fit hypothesis. Doctoral dissertation, Ohio University.
- Mosack, K. E., Weinhardt, L. S., Kelly, J. A., Gore-Felton, C, McAuliffe, T. L., Johnson, M. O., & Morin, S. F. (2009). Influence of coping, social support, and depression on subjective health status among HIV-positive adults with different sexual identities. Behavioral Medicine, 34(A), 133-144.
- Moskowitz, J.T, Folkman, S., Collette, L., & Vittinghoff, E. (1996). Coping and mood during AIDS-related caregiving and bereavement. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 18,49-57.
- Njeri, K. J. (2013). Predictors of self-efficacy in HIV prevention among people living with HIV and AIDS in Thika district, Kiambu Conuty, Kenya. Doctoral dissertation. Kenyatta University.
- Reeves, P. M. (2001). How individuals coping with HIV/AIDS use the internet. Health Education Research, 16(6), 709-719.
- Rodkjaer, L., Chesney, M. A., Lomborg, K., Ostergaard, L., Laursen, T., & Sodemann. M. (2014). HIV-infected individuals with high coping self-efficacy are less likely to report depressive symptoms: A cross-sectional study from Denmark. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 22,67-72.
- Rodkjaer, L., Seeberg, K., Laursen, T., Dalum, A., Tolstrup, M., Drouin, M., & 0stergaard, L. J. (2014). The Impact of a holistic intervention on self-efficacy and risk of depression in HIV-infected individuals in Denmark. Journal of HIV for Clinical and Scientific Research, 1(1), 103.
- Effect of Coping Strategies on Social Stigma:A Study of Persons with HIV
Abstract Views :159 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Applied Psychology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, IN
1 Department of Applied Psychology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, IN
Source
IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences Review, Vol 6, No 2 (2018), Pagination: 263-267Abstract
HIV is a life-threatening disease that once make a person infected, continues to attack the immune system of a person and makes it weak even to such an extent that person does not remain as capable as to fight against even an ordinary diseases. This study aims to understand the relationship between ways of coping processes and social stigma among 159 persons having HIV who were diagnosed before six months. As a screening test, General Health Questionnaire was administered. After that, Ways of Coping Questionnaire and Social Stigma were administered to measure ways of coping processes and social stigma of the persons. Descriptive Analysis and Pearson Product Moment Correlation were applied for the statistical analysis. Statistical Analysis of the data showed that there was significant negative correlation between Distancing and Social Stigma (r=-0.17), Positive Reappraisal and Social Stigma (r=-0.24), Planful Problem Solving and Social Stigma (r=-0.23).Keywords
Coping Strategies, Social Stigma, Persons Diagnosed with HIV.References
- Bertolin, D. C, Pace, A. E., Kusumota, L., & Haas, V. (2011). An association between forms of coping and the socio-demographic variables of people on chronic hemodialysis. Revista daEscoladeEnfermagem da USP, 45(5), 1070-1076.
- Bucks, R. S., Cruise, K. E., Skinner, T. C, Loftus, A. M., Barker, R. A., & Thomas, M. G. (2011). Coping processes and health-related quality of life in Parkinson's disease. International Journal ofGeriatric Psychiatry, 2(5(3), 247-255.
- Holubova, M., Prasko, J., Hruby, R., Latalova, K., Kamaradova, D., Marackova, M., & Gubova, T. (2016). Coping strategies and self-stigma in patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Patient Preference and Adherence, 10,11-51.
- Kohli, R., Sane, S., Ghate, M., & Paranjape, R. (2016). Coping strategies of HIV-positive individuals and its correlation with quality of life in Pune, India. International Social Work, 59(2), 256-267.
- Kontomanolis, E. N., Michalopoulos, S., Gkasdaris, G., & Fasoulakis, Z. (2017). The social stigma of HIVAIDS: Society's role. HIV/AIDS (Auckland, NZ), 9,.
- Kumar, S., Mohanraj, R., Rao, D., Murray, K. R, & Manhart, L. E. (2015). Positive coping strategies and HIV-related stigma in south India. AIDS Patient Care and STDs,29(3),51-63.
- Li, Z., & Sheng, Y. (2014). Investigation of perceived stigma among people living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome in henan province, china. InternationalJournalof'Nursing Sciences, 1(4), 385-388.
- Omosanya, O. E., Elegbede, O. T., Agboola, S. M., Isinkaye, A. O., & Omopariola, O. A. (2014). Effects of stigmatization/discrimination on antiretroviral therapy adherence among HIV-infected patients in a rural tertiary medical center in Nigeria. Journal of the International Association ofProviders of AIDS Care (JIAPAC), 13(3), 260-263.
- Rueda, S., Mitra, S., Chen, S., Gogolishvili, D., Globerman, J., Chambers, L., & Rourke, S. B. (2016). Examining the associations between HIV-related stigma and health outcomes in people living with HIV/AIDS: A series of meta-analyses. BMJ Open, 6(7), e011453.
- Shanthi,A. G., Damodharan, J., &Priya, G. (2007). Depression and coping: A study on HIV positive men and women. Sri Ramachandra Journal of Medicine, 2(1), 15-19.
- Vanable, P. A., Carey, M. P, Blair, D. C, & Littlewood, R A. (2006). Impact of HIV-related stigma on health behaviors and psychological adjustment among HIV-positive men and women. AIDS and Behavior, 10(5), 473-482.
- Whetten, K., Reif, S., Whetten, R, & Murphy-McMillan, L. K. (2008). Trauma, mental health, distrust, and stigma among HIV-positive persons: Implications for effective care. Psychosomatic Medicine, 70(5), 531-538.