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Minakshi ¹, N. K. Mishra ²

Affiliations
1 Research Scholar, Singhania University, Pacheri Bari, Rajasthan, IN
2 Department of Environmental Biotechnology, T.I.T. & S. Bhiwani, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Implementation of Murasheige & Skoog (MS) and Gamborg's B5 medium in different varities of onion and garlic suggested that MS medium was superior over B5 medium in onion, whereas in garlic the same holds true but B5 medium medium supplemented with picloram 1.0 mg/l + kinetin 0.5 mg/l (leaf) and 2,4-D 0.1 mg/l + TDZ 0.1 mg/l (ischolar_main) were best for callus induction.

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Anil Kumar Sharma ¹, Minakshi ²

Affiliations
1 Deptt. of Chemistry, Govt. College, Bhoranj (Tarkwari), Distt. Hamirpur (H.P.), IN
2 Deptt. of Economics, Govt. Degree College, Barotiwala, Distt. Solan (H.P.), IN

Abstract

Now a days math is having its own importance in different fields of science, Engineering, Medical Science, Economics, Commerce etc. All the fields have been developed by making use of math. In this paper some uses of math in the field of chemistry and Economics are highlighted. In the field of chemistry for different experimental results which are calculated by making use of math. For getting the same value of experimental results by making use of mathematically calculated theories are done. It is found that experimental results and the result obtained by theories resemble with each other. So without doing experiments, only by mathematical theories the results can be calculated e.g. experimental results of excess volume can also be calculated from Flory's statistical theory and Prigogine-Flory's Patterson theory, Hydrodynamic and osmotic permeability. Electro-osmotic permeability Thermodynamic studies from electromotive force measurements, Electro negativity calculation etc. are explained in this paper. An idea about use of math in Economics is proposed by explaining some theories e.g. Marginal utility, law of equimarginal utility marginal rate of substitution, marginal lost, Harodommars model etc.

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Madhu Sudan Guray ¹, Minakshi ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are allotropes of carbon. Carbon nanotubes are of two types: (SWCNTs) Single-walled carbon nanotubes and (MWCNTs) Multiple-walled carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes exhibit high electrical, structural and mechanical properties. These properties make them highly promising for the construction of new functional materials. Synthesis of MWCNT's was done by Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) method. The MWCNT's was characterised by Zeta potential, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Further MWCNT's was acid treated (H2SO4:HNO3) for their functionalization. The functionalized MWCNT's was characterised by Zeta potential and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The Zeta potential of MWCNT's and functionalized MWCNT's reveals that the stability of MWCNT's increases after functionalisation i.e. -23.5mV to -35.2mV. TEM and SEM explains the tube structure of carbon nanotubes, size and there agglomeration properties. Carbon nanotubes tends to form bundles, hence their stability is low. FTIR shows the types of chemical bonds present in functionalised MWCNT's.

Keywords

MWCNT's, Chemical Vapour Deposition, Zeta Potential, TEM, SEM.

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Minakshi ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Economics, Govt. College Barotiwala, Distt. Solan H.P., IN

Abstract

This Paper describes the use of mathematics in various economic fields. Economics is incomplete without the use of mathematics. Mathematics and Economics go hand in hand. Economists use various mathematical tools for analyzing different economic theories. In research, we make use of mathematical equations to a large extent. Econometrics is an amalgamation of economic theory, mathematical economics, economic statistics, and mathematical statistics. Econometrics is mainly interested in empirical verification of economic theory. Econometrician uses the mathematical equations proposed by the mathematical economists but put these equations in such a form that they lend themselves to empirical testing. In research various mathematical tools are applied in analyzing different theories. Various Statistical tools as co-relation, average, t-test, Cai-square test and probable error and regression etc. are widely used. This paper gives an idea how mathematics is helpful in applying economics in solving various economic problems of an economy.

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