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Shweta ¹, Arvind Srivastava ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, C.S. Azad University of Agricultural and Technology, Kanpur, U.P., IN

Abstract

The genetic divergence among fifty-five genotypes of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) were evaluated for nine different characters and was estimated by Mahalanobis D² statistic. The genotypes were grouped into seven clusters. The clustering pattern of the genotypes showed high degree of genetic diversity. The highest intra cluster distance was noticed for the cluster IV (D² = 2.069) and the lowest for the cluster VII (D² = 1.619). The highest intra-cluster distance was observed between clusters VI and III (D²= 4.598) where as the lowest inter-cluster D² value was observed between cluster I and II (D² =2.308). The cluster mean estimated for nine characters revealed that cluster IV had highest mean values for days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity and plant height. For seed yield per plant, highest mean was recorded for cluster VII and lowest for cluster II with over all mean of 69.05. Therefore, the result of the present study suggest that while selecting parents, inter-cluster distance must be taken into consideration so as to initiate a crossing programme to produce new recombinants with desired characters in pigeonpea.

Keywords

Divergence, Pigeonpea, Cluster

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Shweta ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, C.S.A. University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, U.P., IN

Abstract

The experiment comprising 100 treatments (10 parents + 45 F₁s + 45 F₂s) was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications. Analysis of the data on seed yield and its ten component characters suggested that dominant alleles were more frequent for most of the traits. Positive and negative alleles among parents were distributed symmetrically for the characters days to 50 per cent flower and number of siliquae on main raceme in both the generations and number of secondary branches per plant, days to maturity, length of main raceme, 1000-seed weight and seed yield per plant only in F1 generation whereas, for rest of the characters asymmetrical distribution of positive and negative genes in parents were observed. Additive and non-additive gene actions were found important in the inheritance of most of the characters.

Keywords

Indian Mustard, Diallel, Gene Action

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Shweta ¹

Affiliations
1 Regional Research Centre (C.S.A.U.A.&T.), Saini, Kaushambi, U.P., IN

Abstract

Seventy seven genotypes of mungbean were evaluated for ten different characters and mean values were worked for genetic diversity by Mahalanobis D² statistic. The results of multivariate analysis (D²) indicated the presence of considerable genetic divergence among these genotypes. The genotypes were grouped into 9 clusters. Cluster III had maximum intra-cluster distance while inter-cluster distance was highest between clusters VIII and IX. cluster means indicated that none of the cluster was superior for all the characters studied. Therefore, hybridization between genotypes belonging to different clusters is suggested for development of superior genotypes.

Keywords

Divergence, Mungbean

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Shweta ¹, Shachi ²

Affiliations
1 Lions Rohilla Inter College, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, IN
2 Department of Commerce, MJPRU, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Agriculture, being lifeline of more than 75% population dwelling in rural areas, is generally practised as mixed farming venture including-horticulture, cattle, poultry; piggery rearing etc. and its dependence on weather and financial needs etc. sometimes, come in way of farmers' prosperity. In this paper, efforts have been made to review the status of agriculture in India and highlight the contribution of agricultural credit systems with critical analysis of problems faced by farmers. Possible solutions have been thought of to inculcate the prosperity of peasant society endeavoring to the cause of food security and nation building parameters.

Keywords

Agriculture, Financing, Problems, Solutions.

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Karampal Narwal ¹, Shweta ¹

Affiliations
1 Haryana School of Business, Guru Jambheshwar University of Sc. and Tech., Hisar (Haryana), IN

Abstract

The present paper aims to analyze and evaluate the effects of Economic Value Added, Market Value Added and other performance variables on returns of banks in India. The empirical data for the study is drawn from a panel of 28 public and private sector banks for a ten year period of 2002-03 to 2011-12. Correlation and various Regression models have been applied to test the hypotheses of the present study. The results reveal that Economic Value Added is positively and significantly associated with return on equity and return on assets. Further, Market Value Added is found significantly positive to return on assets but positively insignificant to return on equity. It is also observed that NIM and NII are the two important performance variables of Indian banks which significantly influence the both returns i.e. ROA and ROE. A significant positive relationship of ROE with EVA and an insignificant positive association of ROE with MVA state that shareholders give more importance to economic value than the market value of banks in India.

Keywords

Economic Value Added, Market Value Added, Fixed Effect, Random Effect, Banking Sector, India.

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V. Radhika ¹, C. Aswath ¹, D. C. Lakshman Reddy ¹, Shweta ¹, A. Bhardwaj ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake P.O., Bangalore - 560 089, IN

Abstract

Microsatellites are an important class of molecular markers having wide application in genetic research. Development of microsatellites using conventional methods is laborious and expensive. Alternatively, in silico approach can be followed to detect simple sequence repeats (SSRs) from expressed sequence tags (ESTs) available in public biological databases. The in silico developed EST-SSRs have been found to be transferrable across species and genera. A study was undertaken to mine simple sequence repeats (SSRs) from the expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of arum lily, Zantedeschia aethiopica, belongs to the family Araceae. A total of 4283 ESTs of Zantedeschia aethiopica, downloaded from dbEST of NCBI, were pre-processed and subjected to clustering and assembly. In all, 1968 clusters (800 contigs and 1168 singletons) were obtained, resulting in 54 % reduction in ESTs. In addition, 1936 SSRs were obtained, which included 617 mono, 101 di-, 201 tri-, 80 tetra-, 23 penta- and 898 hexa-nucleotide repeats. The plant has an abundance of 0.70 SSRs/ kb. We designed 1091 primers for these SSRs. A few in silico designed SSR primers were tested for polymorphism in Anthurium, belonging to the Araceae family, resulting in 40% amplification success.

Keywords

Anthurium, Araceae, Expressed Sequence Tag (EST), Microsatellite, Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR).

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Jyoti Yadav ¹, Satya Narayan Sharma ¹, M. L. Jakhar ¹, Shweta ²

Affiliations
1 S.K.N. College of Agriculture, S.K.N. Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur (Rajasthan), IN
2 Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur (U.P.), IN

Abstract

Combining ability was analyzed using a half diallel of ten parents in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.). Combining ability analysis, revealed the importance of both additive as well as non-additive genetic variances for control of various traits. However, the ratio of σ2GCA/σ2SCA revealed preponderance of non-additive gene actions in almost all the traits. Parents Raj 4120 were the good general combiners, whereas crosses Raj4120×WH1021 and Raj4120×DBW17 were found to be best specific combiners for grain yield per plant and some of the yield contributing traits. However, on the basis of per se performance and significant SCA effects for grain yield per plant and some of its important components, hybrids DBW621×WH1021, DBW17×DBW621 and Raj 4238×PBW343 were considered to be most promising for further exploitation in breeding programmes.

Keywords

Wheat, General Combining Ability, Specific Combining Ability.

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Manisha Saini ¹, Shweta ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur (U.P.), IN

Abstract

Genetic variation, heritability, genetic advance and correlation co-efficient studied among the fifty wheat genotypes and were evaluated for eleven quantitative characters viz., days to 50 per cent flowering, days to reproductive phase, days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of reproductive tillers per plant, spike length (cm), number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, grain weight per spike (g), test weight (g) and grain yield per plant (g). All the characters under study showed considerable amount of variability, phenotypic co-efficient of variability was higher than genotypic co-efficient of variability. A persual of co-effiecient of variability indicates that PCV and GCV were quiet high for grain weight per spike. Moderate PCV and GCV were recorded in yield per plant, spike length, number of reproductive tillers per plant, number of spikelets per spike and lowest observed in days to maturity, days to 50 per cent flowering, days to reproductive phase and test weight.A high estimate of heritability was found for plant height. High genetic advance was observed for grain weight per spike (28.85g) and minimum in days to maturity (6.88). Genotypic correlation co-efficients were higher than the corresponding phenotypic correlation co-efficients for all the character combinations. Grain yield per plant showed highly positive association ship with days to 50 per centflowering, days to reproductive phase, plant height, spike length, grain weight per spike and number of grains per spike.

Keywords

Genetic Variation, Heritability, Genetic Advance, Correlation Co-Efficient, Path Analysis.

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Manisha Saini ¹, Shweta ², Sunil Kumar Paswan ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur (U.P.), IN
2 Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur (U.P.), IN

Abstract

Fifty genotype of wheat were evaluated to access the genetic divergence for eleven quantitative traits. The D² cluster analysis grouped 50 genotypes in to eight clusters. This indicates existence of high degree of genetic diversity in the genotypes evaluated. Analysis of variance show significant difference among all the genotype under study. Maximum inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster VII with all. Cluster VIII holds first rank in yield per plant, test weight and plant height, cluster VII holds first rank in plant height, number of reproductive tillers per plant, number of spikelet per spike. Therefore, crosses between member of cluster separated by high inter-cluster distance are likely to throw desirable segregants. Thus, crosses between promising lines belonging to clusters pairs having high inter-cluster distance may be attempted for isolating desirable recombinants for grain yield.

Keywords

Cluster, D² Analysis, Genetic Variation, Inter Cluster Distance, Transgressive Segregants.

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Shweta ¹, Ranjeet ¹, Om Prakash ¹

Affiliations
1 Regional Research Station, Saini, Kaushambi (U.P.), IN

Abstract

The experimental material comprising of one hundred (including three checks Varuna, Rohini and Maya) germplasm accessions of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) were sown in augumented block design during Rabi 2008-09 at Regional Research Station, Saini, Kaushambi of C.S.A. University of Agriculture and Technology. In the present study, an attempt has been made to identify the genetically diverse germplasm and further utilization in the crop improvement to develop broad based cultivars. Result shows that variation in plant growth was prominently seen among the accessions as indicated by range of variability, mean performance and coefficient of variation.

Keywords

Indian Mustard, Accessions, Augumented Block Design.

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Shweta ¹, Shachi ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Management, SSVGI, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, IN
2 Department of Commerce, MJPRU, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, IN

Abstract

With the progressing strides of global digitalisation, it has become imperative to inculcate this concept in Indian trade, economy, research and development so as to keep pace with the international challenges. A study has been made on the existing status of digitalisation in our country through information available and efforts have been made to evaluate the avenues of its further propagation in all walks of life so as to find out the gaps coming in the way of developmental strategies and suggest redressal measures for more austerity in Indian economy, ultimately affecting socio-economic status of our rural masses. Exhaustive review of the present status and organisational structure dealing with digitalisation in India suggested further scope for strengthening this important aspect for more effective e-governance, demographic decision making, resource-target oriented formulation and implementation of public funded schemes to help overall growth of economically viable India.

Keywords

Digital India, Social Empowerment, Digitalisation, DigiLocker.

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Ranjeet ¹, Shweta ¹

Affiliations
1 Dept. of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Oilseeds Section, C.S.A. University of Ag. and Tech., Kanpur (U.P.), IN

Abstract

Heterosis and inbreeding depression were studied in 45 hybrids developed through 10×10 diallel set of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.]. Heterobilities varied from-21.4 to 19.6 per cent and standard heterosis from - 23.6 to 29.6 per cent for seed yield. Significant desirable heterosis over best parent (Rohini) was observed for all the characters studied. Maximum significant standard heterosis was observed for main shoot length (56.6%) followed by secondary branches (35.8%), seed yield (29.6%), siliquae on main shoot (28.6%), seeds per siliqua (23.4%) and primary branches (22.4%) while heterobeltosis for main shoot length (68.7%), secondary branches (49.8%), siliquae on main shoot (41.6%), seeds per siliqua (39.1%), primary branches (33.4%) and seed yield (19.6%). The inbreeding depression for seed yield ranged from-35.2 to 12.8 per cent. The highest significant positive heterobeltosis and standard heterosis and high inbreeding depression was recorded in hybrids Rohini X Varuna followed by RK 9870×Vardan and Rohini×Vardan for seed yield. These crosses may be utilized for developing hybrids.

Keywords

Heterosis, Inbreeding Depression, GCA Effects, SCA Effects, Mustard.

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Shweta ¹, P. Singh ¹, Ranjeet ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, C.S. Azad University of Ag. & Tech., Kanpur (U.P.), IN

Abstract

Experiment comprising 100 treatments (10 parents + 45 F₁s + 45 F₂s) generated from 10 parent diallel mating design was conducted in Indian mustard. Graphical representation reflected the over dominance with non- additive gene action for the characters number of siliquae on main raceme in both the generations, number of secondary branches per plant in F₁, number of primary branches per plant and oil content in F₂ generation whereas, rest of the characters reflected the partial dominance.

Keywords

Diallel, Graphical Analysis, Over Dominance, Partial Dominance.

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Shweta ¹, Ranjeet ¹, P. Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Oilseeds section, C.S.A. Univ. of Ag. & Tech., Kanpur (U.P.), IN

Abstract

Ten diverse parent of Indian mustard were crossed in 10 x 10 diallel design excluding reciprocals Analysis. of the data on seed yield and its ten component characters suggested that dominant genes were more frequent than recessive ones for all the characters studied except days to flower in both the generations. Symmetrical proportions of positive and negative genes were observed for days to flower, plant height and seed yield per plant, while asymmetrical proportions of positive and negative genes were observed for the remaining characters. More than one major gene groups were involved in the inheritance of most of the characters. Predominance of non-additive gene action was observed for seed yield and its components characters. The exploitation of non-additive gene action through heterosis breeding or population improvement by intermating the improved genotypes in successive generations is suggested for improvement of seed yield and its component characters.

Keywords

Indian Mustard, Diallel Analysis, Gene Action.

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Vaibhav Singh ¹, Shweta ¹, Anjali Singh ¹, Geeta Rai ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur (U.P.), IN

Abstract

The fifty genotypes of field pea were studied out during Rabi 2015-2016 and 2016-17 at Oilseed Research Farm, Kalyanpur of Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur (U.P.). The experiment was laid in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications for days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of primary branches, number of nodes per plant, pod length, number of seed per pod, 100 seed weight, number of pod per plant and seed yield per plant.Analysis of variance showed significant differences among all the genotypes under study. The phenotypic co-efficient of variation was higher than genotypic co-efficient of variation for all the characters indicating the effect of environment on these characters. Studies of variation indicated that considerable amount of variation in plant height, number of pod per plant, number of nodes per plant, pod length and number of 100-seed weight which could be utilized for breeding for improvement. All traits showed high heritability except number of primary branches per plant (13%) and number of seeds per pod (18%). The higher genetic advance showed in plant height.

Keywords

Genetic Variation, Heritability, Genetic Advance.

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