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H. N. Kakrani , A. K. Saluja

Abstract

Objective: To study the pattern of utilization of medicinal plants used as diuretics by people of Kutch district, Gujarat state, India. Materials and methods: Ethno-medical field survey method was used. Results and conclusion: 35 species of 32 genera and 22 families of angiosperms are reported along with plant part used medicinally. The putative plant remedies are neither evaluated nor phytochemicals identified.

Keywords

Traditional Treatment, Diuretics. Kutch District, India

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A. U. Tatiya , A. K. Saluja , S. J. Surana

Abstract

Objective: To investigate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of the petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and aqueous extracts of Stem Bark of Bridelia airy - shawii (Li). Materials and Methods: The anti-inflammatory activity of the petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and aqueous extracts of the stem bark of Bridelia airy - shawii. (Euphorbiaceae) were evaluated by using carrageenan induced rat paw edema and cotton pellet granuloma method in rat. The anti oxidant activity of all the extracts was determined by using Nitric oxide scavenging assay. Results: It was observed that, all the extracts significantly inhibited the carrageenan induced rat paw edema at the dose of 200 mg/kg b.w. orally, when compared with control and standard drug Ibuprofen. Extracts also suppressed the granulomatous tissue formation of chronic inflammation, when compared with standard drug Diclofenac sodium. The stem bark of B. airy - shawii extracts showed significant free radical scavenging activity against nitric oxide (NO^.) induced release of free radicals. Conclusion: Therefore, present study suggests, potential of stem bark of B. airy shawii in inhibition of both acute and chronic phases of an inflammatory process.

Keywords

Bridelia airy - shawii, Carrageenan Induced Edema, Cotton Pellet Granuloma, Nitric Oxide Inhibition

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H. N. Kakrani , A. K. Saluja

Abstract

Objective: The communication examines the medical ethnobotany of Kutch District, Gujarat province, India. The inhabitants of the district, which happens to be one of the biggest districts of India (area wise) have developed fairly good knowledge of the use of local flora. Materials & methods: Ethno medical field survey method was used for the purpose. Results & conclusion: A pattern of utilization of local plants used in treatment of G.I.T. disorders was investigated. 41 species of 37 genera belonging to 22 families are reported along with plant part used medicinally.

Keywords

Herbal Remedies, G.I.T. Disorders, Kutch, India

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M. Geetha , A. K. Saluja , M. B. Shankar , R. S. Mehta

Abstract

Objective: To study analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of various extracts of flowers and bark of Couroupita guianensis Aubl. Materials and methods: Analgesic activity was evaluated using tail flick method and anti-inflammatory activity was screened by measuring the reduction in carrageenan induced hind paw oedema. The potency of various extracts of flower and bark were compared with (i) paracetamol (200 mg/kg) for analgesic and (ii) indomethacin (10 mg/kg) for anti-inflammatory activities. Results: All the extracts of C. guianensis showed analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. The peak analgesic effect of flower was seen after 1 h while bark extracts showed peak effect after 2 h. Maximum reduction in inflammation by the extracts was observed after 3 h. Conclusion: C. guianensis is almost equipotent to paracetamol in its analgesic activity and to indomethacin in its anti-inflammatory activity. So it can be recommended for further studies.

Keywords

Couroupita guianensis, Analgesic Activity, Anti-inflammatory Activity, Paracetamol, Indomethacin

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M. B. Shankar , J. R. Parikh , M. Geetha , R. S. Mehta , A. K. Saluja

Abstract

Objective: To study hepatoprotective activity of a new benzopyrone derivative (TP) isolated from the alcoholic extract of aerial parts of Tephrosia purpurea Pers. Materials and methods: Compound TP was isolated from alcoholic extract of T. purpurea by normal phase column chromatography using toluene: ethyl acetate (70:30) as mobile phase and structure was elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Hepatoprotective activity of TP and the alcoholic extract was evaluated using carbon tetrachloride, paracetamol and rifampicin as toxicants. The potency of TP (100 mg/kg) and the alcoholic extract of aerial parts (200 mg/kg), was compared with silymarin (100 mg/kg). The SGOT, SGPT, total and direct bilirubin levels of blood were measured spectrophotometrically. Results: Compound TP was found to be 3-hydroxy, 6-methoxy, 2-oxy (3-butanone), 7 (dioxolane-4-one), 2, 3,-dihydrobenzopyrone. The alcoholic extract and TP caused significant fall in the enzyme levels in serum in rats. Conclusion: Alcoholic extract of T. purpurea and TP have shown significant hepatoprotective activity in rats against all the toxicants that were studied.

Keywords

Tephrosia Purpurea, Hepatoprotective Effect, Carbon Tetrachloride, Paracetamol Rifampicin, Silymarin

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M. Geetha , M. B. Shankar , R. S. Mehta , A. K. Saluja

Abstract

Objective: To study antifertility activity of various extracts of A. odoratissimus Roxb. and C. guianensis Aubl. Materials and methods: Antifertility activity of benzene, ethanol and water extracts of leaves of A. odoratissimus and bark and flowers of C. guianensis was studied for their effect on duration of various stages of oestrus cycle in adult female rats and on the number implantation sites in the pregnant rats. Results: All the extracts of A. odoratissimus leaf and ethanol and water extracts of C. guianensis bark and flower showed significant prolongation of dioestrus stage (p<0.05). Ethanol and water extracts of A. odoratissimus leaf showed anti-implantation effect. Ethanol extract of C. guianensis bark and all the extracts of its flower reduced the number of implantations. Conclusion: The disturbances in the reproductive cycle indicate effect of these plants on the sex hormones in the animals. Prevention of implantation may be due their interference in the receptive stage of the uteri and endometrial sensitivity for decidualisation. The results suggest that the both plants are having antifertility activity and possible therapeutic use.

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M. B. Shankar , J. R. Parikh , M. Geetha , R. S. Mehta , A. K. Saluja

Abstract

Objective: To study antidiabetic activity of two novel androstane derivatives (JB1 and JB2) isolated from the ethanolic extract of seeds of Syzygium cuminii Linn. Materials and methods: Compounds JB1 and JB2 were isolated from ethanolic extract of seeds of S. cuminii by normal phase column chromatography using toluene: ethyl acetate (80:20) as mobile phase and their structure was elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Antidiabetic activity of JB1 and JB2 and the ethanolic extract was evaluated using alloxan as diabetogenic agent. The potency of JB1 and JB2 (100 mg/kg) and the ethanolic extract (200 mg/kg), was compared with glibenclamide (5 mg/kg). The elevated blood glucose levels were monitored colorimetrically using glucose oxidase enzyme system. Results: Compound JB1 was found to be 3, 15-dihydroxy Δ³ androstene [16, 17-C] (6' methyl, 2'- 1, 3-dihydroxy-1-propene) 4H pyran whereas JB2 to be 3-hydroxy androstane [16, 17-C] (6' methyl, 2'-1-hydroxy-isopropene-1-yl) 4, 5, 6 H pyran. Ethanolic extract of seeds of S. cuminii reduced elevated blood glucose levels in alloxan-induced diabetes in rats on single dose as well as prolonged treatment. Compound JB1 was found to be more effective than JB2 as it showed peak activity at the end of day three, which was comparable to ethanolic extract.

Keywords

Syzygium cuminii Linn., Anti-diabetic Activity, Glibenclamide, Alloxan

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R. S. Mehta , M. B. Shankar , M. Geetha , A. K. Saluja

Abstract

Objective: To study hepatoprotective effect of aerial parts of Trianthema portulacastrum. Materials and methods: Hepatoprotective activity of T. portulacastrum was evaluated using paracetamol and rifampicin as liver toxicants in rats. The potency of alcoholic and aqueous extracts of aerial parts was compared with that of silymarin at a dose of 100 mg/kg, P.O. The SGOT, SGPT and bilirubin levels of blood were measured spectrophotometrically. Results: Alcoholic extract of aerial parts caused significant fall in the enzyme levels in serum in rats. Conclusion: T. portulacastrum has shown significant activity in rats toxicated with paracetamol and rifampicin and can be recommended for further studies.

Keywords

Trianthema portulacastrum, Hepatoprotective Activity, Paracetamol, Rifampicin, Silymarin

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Rajiv Kukkar ¹, Mona R. Kukkar ², S. H. Shukla ³, A. K. Saluja ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacognosy, Indukaka Ipcowala College of Pharmacy, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, P.O. Box 53, Beyond G .I .D .C, Phase IV, PO. Vitthal Udyognagar-388 121, Gujarat, IN
2 A. R. College of Pharmacy, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, IN
3 Indukaka Ipcowala College of Pharmacy, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, IN

Abstract

The present study deals with the preparation of Kajjali using equal proportions of mercury and sulphur. Prior to preparation, mercury and sulphur were purified according to procedure mentioned in Ayurvedic literature. The final product, Kajjali, was analysed for various parameters like Physical characterization, Elemental analysis by Inductive Coupled Plasma (ICP), Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX), Particle Size distribution and Determination of Particle shape by Particle size analyzer. Some of the results obtained can be used for standardization of Kajjali.

Keywords

Kajjali, Analysis, Inductive Coupled Plasma, Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis.

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U. D. Shah ¹, M. B. Shah ², A. K. Saluja ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacognosy, APMC College of Pharmaceutical Education Research, Himatnagar, IN
2 Dept. of Pharmacognosy, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, IN
3 Dept. of Pharmacognosy, A. R. College Pharmacy, Vallabh Vidyanagar, IN

Abstract

Fresh stembark of Albizzia lebbeck was studied for macro and microscopical characters. Betulinic acid was isolated and identified by M. P., co-chromatography with reference standard and IR spectral characteristics. HPTLC method was developed for quantification of betulinic acid using precoated silica gel plates as a stationary phase, Toluene: Acetone: Acetic acid (100:1:0.1) as a mobile phase and anisaldehyde sulphuric acid as a spray reagent. The bark is rough as longitudinal fissures and transverse cracks are present. TS of bark shows rhytidoma as a major portion followed by stone cell bands and secondary phloem with groups of phloem fibres, with starch and prisms of calcium oxalate being found in all the tissues. Saponins, tannins, triterpenoids and flavanoids were found be the major components of the bark. HPTLC method was developed for quantification of betulinic acid by scanning the plates at 523nm. The quality parameters and HPTLC method developed would serve as useful tools in standardization of Albizzia lebbeck.

Keywords

Albizzia lebbeck, HPTLC, Quality Parameters, Betulinic Acid.

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Nitin Dubey ¹, Nidhi Dubey ², R. S. Mehta ³, A. K. Saluja ³, D. K. Jain ¹

Affiliations
1 College of Pharmacy, IPS Academy, Indore [M.P], IN
2 School of Pharmacy, Devi Ahilya University, Indore [M.P], IN
3 A R College of Pharmacy, Vallabh Vidyanagar [Gujarat], IN

Abstract

Kushta-e-gaodanti was prepared as per the method mentioned in Unani formulary. The raw materials, intermediates obtained during the preparation of kushta and the final product were characterized using modern analytical techniques like Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR). X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). The study shows that the mineral Gaodanti (calcium sulphate dihydrate) is converted into calcium sulphate hemi hydrate on first calcination in earthen pot sealed with the process gil-e-hikmat. Further on calcination this intermediate is transformed to kushta-e-gaodanti which is orthorhombic α-calcium sulphate anhydride. Kushta-e-gaodanti is a fine powder with particle size 7-8 micrometer, calcium content 29.32%, bulk density 0.928, tapped density 1.268, angle of repose 36.67° and the value of Carr’s index is 47.08. Loss on drying at 110°C and loss on ignition was not more than 0.5 %w/w and 0.05% w/w respectively. Microbial load of the preparation was found negative for the presence of Escherichia coli, Salmonella species and Staphylococcus aureus. Total aerobic count was under acceptance limit. Trace element analysis of bhasma by ICP-OES revealed the presence of some other important metals like arsenic, lead, chromium, cadmium, mercury, tin under acceptable limits at prescribed dose.

Keywords

FTIR, Calcination, Unani Traditional Medicine.

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