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Vanaja, A.
- A Comparative Study on Fusion Strategies in Multimodal Biometric System
Authors
1 PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Bharathiyar University, Coimbatore, IN
2 Add.st.Aloysius College (Autonomous), Mangalore University, Mangalore-575005, Karnataka, IN
Source
Biometrics and Bioinformatics, Vol 5, No 12 (2013), Pagination: 413-416Abstract
Most of the business applications use biometrics to authenticate and verify the person when a transaction is made. Biometric systems are of two types: unimodal and multimodal. unimodal biometrics use only single trait like fingerprint, iris, face and retina (physiological trait) or gait, voice, handwritten (behavioral trait) to verify the person. But it suffers from some limitations of noise in sensed data, intra-class variation, inter-class similarities, non-universality and spoof attacks. Multimodal biometric systems overcome some of these limitations through fusion process. Multimodal biometric system provides more accuracy when compared to unimodal biometric system. The main goal of multimodal biometric system is to develop the security system for the areas that require high level of security. a reliable and successful multimodal biometric system needs an effective fusion scheme to combine biometric characteristics derived from one or modalities. The goal of fusion is to determine the best set of experts in a given problem domain and helps to minimize the error rate. It also improves accuracy, efficiency, and system robustness and fault tolerance. In this survey different fusion techniques of multimodal biometrics have been discussed.
Keywords
Biometrics, Unimodal, Multimodal Biometrics, Fusion.- Structural and Optical Investigation of Al Doped ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized by Sol-gel Process
Authors
1 Department of Physics, Lingaya’s University, Faridabad – 121001, Haryana, IN
2 Lingaya’s University, Faridabad – 121001, Haryana, IN
3 Department of E. C. E, K. L University, Vaddeswaram – 522502, Andhra Pradesh, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 9, No 12 (2016), Pagination:Abstract
Background/Objectives: Nanoparticles possess unique properties due large surface to volume ratio and quantum confinement effect. ZnO is suitable for laser diodes, LEDs and Photodetectors due to wide direct band gap, high melting point, high thermal conductivity etc. Methods/Statistical analysis: Pure Zinc oxide and Al doped ZnO Nanopowders are fabricated by Sol-gel method. Influence of Al doping on structural and optical properties of Nanopowders were analyzed by X Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), UVVisible optical absorption (UV-Vis) and Photoluminescence (PL) Characterizations. Sol-gel method is preferred due to its simplicity, low Cost and Environment friendly. Structural properties including crystalline size, Lattice strain were obtained from XRD. Morphology of Nanopowders confirmed from SEM micrographs observed at different magnifications. Presence of functional groups obtained from FTIR spectra. Band gap is determined from UV-Visible optical absorption spectroscopy. Luminescence emissions were confirmed from PL characterizations. Findings: The average crystalline size of Nanopowders is found to be 36.448 nm and 62.83 nm for pure ZnO and Al doped ZnO nanopowders respectively. The morphology strongly influenced by doping with Aluminum. Structural properties of nanoparticles again proved from FTIR Spectra. The energy band gap value of Nanoparticles obtained is found to be decreased by doping with Al. The increase in the light output intensity could be attributed to increase in the Light transmittance. Application/Improvements: The synthesized Nanopowders can be used in the fabrication of ZnO Nanorods, Nanowires which is an attractive potential application in the Light emitting devices, UV Photodetectors.Keywords
Nanoparticles, Scanning Electron Microscopy, UV-Visible Optical Absorption, X-Ray Diffraction, Zinc Oxide- A Study on Variegated Location-Based Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Network
Authors
1 Department of Computer Science and Applications, St Aloysius College (Autonomous), Mangalore, Karnataka, IN