Informatics Publishing Limited

R. Vigneshwaran ¹, K. Venkatesan ¹, A. Vinoth ¹, J. Vasanth Vyasan ¹, N. Sathishkumar ¹

Affiliations
1 KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Arasur, Coimbatore-641407, IN

Abstract

In current traffic system most of the traffic lights controls are based on a 'fixed timing' i.e., same time duration will be repeated even if the traffic density is minimum or maximum. In this paper the traffic light is controlled depending upon the traffic density is proposed. Here the traffic lights changes dynamically based on the traffic density by using pair of IR Sensor to continuously sense the density of traffic. The IR receiver output is given as the input of microcontroller in serial communication.The microcontroller will allocate the time slot according to the input of sensors, and then the CPU sends appropriate time to show on the seven segment display unit. When the allocated time is completed then the process will be shift into the next road. The same procedure it follows on each road. This system is designed by using PIC Microcontroller and three pairs of IR sensors on each lane. Here priority based operations by using the round robin algorithm is done. So, that each road will be cleared simultaneously. This system is mainly used to reduce the waiting time, avoid fuel wastage, and also manage the traffic load at the intersection adaptively, so that the traffic can be avoided.

Keywords

IR (Infrared) Sensor, PIC Microcontroller, Seven Segment Display.

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A. Vinoth ¹, V. Balakrishnan ¹, R. Kalaivani ¹, P. Madhanraj ², N. Nadimuthu ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Biotechnology, Thanthai Hans Roever College of Arts and Science, Perambalur - 621 212, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Indian Biotrack Research Institute, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 P.G. Department of Plant Science, Avvaiyar Government College for Women, Karaikal 609 602, Puducherry U.T., IN

Abstract

Oil pollution is worldwide major problem in every environment and hence the world is need of a perfect solution for prevention or recovery so, the present investigation was carried out to detect the spent lubricant oil degradation potentional of indigenous fungi in lab level by measuring the growth and analysis the treated sample using FTIR. Soil sample was randomly collected in the different location at railway tracks in Thanjavur junction soil sample are serially and 10^-2 is used for plating technique in PDA medium. After incubation the isolates were obtained and they are Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. Oil degrading ability was detected supplying raw spent oil in PDA medium and incoprporated in PD broth at the concentration of (5%.10%, 15% and 20%), detection shows that no fungal cored use raw oil as source of nutrient. In PDA plate's visual detection of zone due to the degradation was noticed. It was maximum by Aspergillus flavus follwed by Aspergillus terreus and Aspergillus niger. In PD broth supplemented with different spent oil concentration (5%,10%,15% and 20%), after 14 days of incubation (30°C), as a visual the biomass of each fungal culture was determined the biomass of different species of fungi in different concentration oil showed growth but with variation the higher mycelial biomass was recorded by Aspergillus flavus. The FT-IR analysis results shows that is major difference in the peak formation between the tested samples which shows that fungal species has utilized or degraded the oil hydrocarbon. Differently as per their metabolize activity.

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A. Vinoth ¹, B. Vignesh ¹, Lakshya Khurana ¹, Aditya Rai ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur - 603203, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objectives: A bellows expansion joint is an assembly of two or more bellows which help to tackle expansion or contraction in the system where it is designed to fit in. It was found, various independent researchers did lot of research in the design and geometry of bellows expansion joint but a review of all is scare, we have put forth the different possible features of bellows design in this paper. Methods/Analysis: The bellows, consisting of one or more convolutions, are designed to offer further agility in the configuration of piping structures and pressure vessel applications involving thermal expansion and relative movement in system. Numerous researchers have conducted studies on bellows expansion joints with the help of standards such as ASME and EJMA. They have wide applications and are understood as a significant. Thus various parameters pertaining to the design of bellows expansion joints, which affect the characteristics of the system, have been reviewed. Findings: From this review, it can be said that for all the design condition, there was not bellow geometry or design parameters are superior. Under such designs based on the standards, it is expected to perform exhaustive analysis involving sound engineering judgment. Meanwhile, the choice of bellows expansion joint is sufficiently broad depending upon the applications. Improvement: Certainly there is still room for new design principles and analysis based on analytical, experimental and FEA studies. Particularly, study of bellows subjected to torsions may be done as little is found in the literature and the existing standards.

Keywords

Bellows Expansion Joints, Buckling, Fatigue, Shape of Convolution, Vibration.

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